通用知识测试

答对！解释：通过点刹让刹车灯闪烁来警示后车，避免突然停车。若前方有需要减速的危险，应提前点刹提醒后车。拂晓、黄昏、下雨或下雪时要让自己更醒目，请打开车灯。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Warn following drivers by flashing your brake lights, don’t stop suddenly. If you see a hazard that will require slowing down, warn the drivers behind by flashing your brake lights. At dawn, dusk, in rain, or snow, you need to make yourself easier to see so turn on your lights.

答对！说明：如因坡道或弯道造成视线受阻，应将最靠后的三角牌向后移动，最远可至 500 英尺处，以便提前警示来车。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: If line of sight view is obstructed due to hill or curve, move the rear-most triangle to a point back down the road so warning is provided up to 500 feet.

正确！说明：一旦困倦，唯一安全的解决办法是靠边离开道路并补觉。否则你会拿自己和他人的生命冒险。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If you are drowsy, the only safe cure is to get off the road and get some sleep. If you don’t, you risk your life and the lives of others.

答对！说明：由加速引起的侧滑常见于冰雪路面。松开油门通常就能很快制止；若非常湿滑，可踩下离合器，否则发动机可能阻碍车轮自由滚动、难以恢复附着。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Skids caused by acceleration usually happen on ice or snow. Taking your foot off the accelerator can easily stop them. If it is very slippery, push the clutch in. Otherwise, the engine can keep the wheels from rolling freely and regaining traction.

答对！解释：观察前车经过的影子、路面标线或明显地标，从那一刻开始按“1001、1002……”计数，直到你到达同一位置，即为你的跟车秒数。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: To know how much space you have, wait until the vehicle ahead passes a shadow on the road, a pavement marking, or some other clear landmark. Then count off the seconds like this: “one thousand-and-one, one thousand-and-two” and so on, until you reach the same spot.

完全正确！解释：离开车辆前务必拉紧驻车制动或垫好车轮止滑块，避免车辆自行滑移造成人身或财产损失。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Never leave your vehicle unattended without applying the parking brakes or chocking the wheels. Your vehicle might roll away and cause injury and damage.

答对！说明：大多数熟练驾驶员会至少向前观察 12–15 秒的距离，也就是车辆在 12–15 秒内将行驶的距离。低速时约为一个街区；高速行驶时约为四分之一英里。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Most good drivers look at least 12 to 15 seconds ahead. That means looking ahead the distance you will travel in 12 to 15 seconds. At lower speeds, that’s about one block. At highway speeds it’s about a quarter of a mile.

完全正确！说明：摆放三角警示牌时，应将其置于你与对向来车之间，便于其他驾驶者看见你，从而提升自身安全。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: When putting out the triangles, hold them between yourself and the oncoming traffic for your own safety, so other drivers can see you.

没错！说明：车辆起火的常见原因包括：燃油泄漏、错误使用照明信号火炬（flares）、轮胎气压不足、双胎互相接触、短路与接线松动、加油不当、油路接头松动、易燃货物、封装或装载不当、通风不良等。 / Right! EXPLANATION: The following are some causes of vehicle fires: spilled fuel, improper use of flares, under-inflated tires , duals that touch, short circuits, loose connections, improper fueling, loose fuel connections, flammable cargo, improperly sealed or loaded cargo or with poor ventilation.

答对！解释：“识别—预测—决策—执行”是一套系统的防御性驾驶流程，帮助你在复杂交通环境中更安全地处理风险。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Identify, Predict, Decide, and Execute (IPDE) is the step-by-step process behind the principles of defensive driving and complexities of visual perception in traffic.

完全正确！说明：车辆检查的一部分是确认车辆不过载，且货物分布平衡并已正确固定。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: As part of your Vehicle inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly.

没错！说明：某些天气下，路面会积水或泥浆。这时车辆可能发生水膜滑行，就像滑水一样——轮胎与路面失去接触，几乎没有附着力，你可能无法转向或制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: In some weather, water or slush collects on the road. When this happens, your vehicle can hydroplane. It’s like water skiing–the tires lose their contact with the road and have little or no traction. You may not be able to steer or brake.

答对！说明：正在燃烧的轮胎必须冷却，通常需要大量用水。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: A burning tire must be cooled. Lots of water may be required.

完全正确！说明：点放式制动是人为反复让车轮抱死—释放；而 ABS 是在重刹时防止抱死的电子系统。配有 ABS 时不要用点放式制动，改用受控制动。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: In stab braking you deliberately keep locking and unlocking the wheels, and ABS is a computerized system that keeps your wheels from locking up during hard brake applications. Do not use Stab braking with ABS, use controlled braking instead.

正确！说明：1998年3月1日或之后生产的转换拖车架必须配备ABS；这类拖车架在左侧会有一个黄色指示灯。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Converter dollies built on or after March 1, 1998, are required to have antilock brakes. These dollies will have a yellow lamp on the left side of the dolly.

正确！解释：应对爆胎：立即握稳方向盘、逐步减速并松开油门；避免猛踩刹车；安全靠边停车后检查轮胎。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: To respond to tire failure: you must immediately: hold the steering wheel firmly, stay off the brake, and check the tires after you’ve come to a stop.

正确！解释：能避免倒车就避免倒车；尽量**把车辆停放成离开时可以直接前进**的姿态。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Avoid backing whenever you can. When you park, try to park so you will be able to pull forward when you leave.

答对！解释：当血液酒精浓度达到 0.40 左右，大多数人会失去意识，部分人会死亡。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: At a BAC of .40 most people will lose consciousness, and some will die.

完全正确！说明：超载会对转向、制动和车速控制造成不良影响。超载车上坡不得不非常慢，下坡又容易过快；制动距离会变长，刹车过于吃力还可能失效。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Overloading can have bad effects on steering, braking, and speed control. Overloaded trucks have to go very slowly on upgrades, and they may gain too much speed on downgrades. Stopping distance increases. Brakes can fail when forced to work too hard.

正确！解释：“车轴重量”是由单个车轴或一组车轴传递到地面的重量。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Axle Weight is the weight transmitted to the ground by one axle or one set of axles

答对！说明：你有看不到的盲区，因此需要指挥员。指挥员应站在车辆尾部附近，选择你能看见他的位置。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: There are blind spots you can’t see. That’s why a helper is important. The helper should stand near the back of your vehicle where you can see the helper.

完全正确！解释：转向齿轮箱属于转向系统；其余选项属于悬挂系统。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The gear box is part of the steering system, and other choices are parts of the suspension system.

没错！说明：变道前必须先确认盲区内没有车辆。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Before you change lanes, you must first make sure that no vehicles are hiding in your blind spots.

答对！说明：车辆起火的原因包括：燃油溢漏未妥善清理；照明信号火炬使用不当；胎压不足、双胎互相接触；绝缘损坏或接线松动造成的短路；司机在车内外吸烟；加油不当、油路接头松动；以及封装/装载不当或通风不良的易燃货物。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The following are some causes of vehicle fires: Spilled fuel not properly cleaned up; improper use of flares; under-inflated tires and duals that touch; short circuits due to damaged insulation or loose connections; driver smoking in or around the vehicle; improper fueling and loose fuel connections; flammable cargo, improperly sealed or loaded cargo, with poor ventilation.

完全正确！解释：优秀驾驶员会把视线放在前方 12–15 秒处，即相当于 12–15 秒内车辆将行驶的距离：低速约一个街区，高速约四分之一英里。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Most good drivers look at least 12 to 15 seconds ahead. That means looking ahead the distance you will travel in 12 to 15 seconds. At lower speeds, that’s about one block. At highway speeds it’s about a quarter of a mile.

完全正确！说明：为安全起见，应：留意各类仪表是否异常，运用感官排查问题（看、听、闻、必要时触摸），并在每次停车时检查关键项目。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: For safety you should: watch gauges for signs of trouble, use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, smell, feel), and check critical items when you stop.

答对！解释：胎压不足、燃油连接松动以及电气短路都可能引发火灾。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Under-inflated tires, loose fuel connections, and electrical short-circuits can all lead to fires.

答对！解释：关闭发动机并带走钥匙，避免你在车底或车旁检查时，别人启动车辆把车移走。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Shut off engine and take key with you so someone else won’t move truck while you are under it.

答对！说明：避险车道的作用是让失控车辆安全停下，不伤及司机和乘客。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Escape ramps are made to stop runaway vehicles safely without injuring drivers and passengers.

没错！说明：第一步是把车驶离道路并停下：停在开阔区域，远离建筑物、树木、灌木、其他车辆或任何可能被引燃的物体。不要开进加油/维修站！ / Right! EXPLANATION: The first step is to get the vehicle off the road and stop. In doing so: park in an open area, away from buildings, trees, brush, other vehicles, or anything that might catch fire. Don’t pull into a service station!

正确！解释：加速打滑通常是因为驱动轮动力过大、抓地不足。应松开油门，必要时踩下离合，使车轮恢复自由滚动以重新获得附着力；不要猛踩刹车。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Skids caused by acceleration usually happen on ice or snow. Taking your foot off the accelerator can easily stop them. If it is very slippery, push the clutch in. Otherwise, the engine can keep the wheels from rolling freely and regaining traction.

正确！解释：驾驶员座位应配备安全带，并应始终系好以确保安全。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Use Your Seatbelt! The driver’s seat should have a seat belt. Always use it for safety.

正确！说明：前轮每个主要沟槽的胎纹必须至少 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎至少 2/32 英寸。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You must have at least 4/32-inch tread depth in every major groove on front tires and at least 2/32-inch on other tires

答对！解释：应熟悉路线上的紧急避险车道位置；道路标志会指示入口。避险车道能挽救生命并保护车辆和货物。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Know escape ramp locations on your route. Signs show drivers where ramp are located. Escape ramps save lives, equipment and cargo.

答对！解释：前轴负载不足会使转向轴负载过轻，转向稳定性不足，影响行车安全。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Under-loaded front axles can make the steering axle weight too light to steer safely.

答对！解释：若发现被人紧跟尾随，应增加与你前车的间距、适时闪刹提醒，并在安全时示意其超车；切勿为甩开对方而加速。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: If you find yourself being tailgated, here are some things you can do to reduce the chances of a crash: avoid quick changes, increase your following distance opening up room in front of you will make it easier for the tailgater to get around you, don’t speed up.

正确！说明：路面湿滑时，停车所需时间更长，且更难在不打滑的情况下转向。湿路在任何车速下都可能让制动距离翻倍，因此要降低速度，并在湿路上逐步、平缓减速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: I It will take longer to stop, and it will be harder to turn without skidding, when the road is slippery. Wet roads can double stopping distance at any speed, reduce speed, and slow down gradually on a wet road.

答对！说明：挡块可放在货物的前、后及/或两侧以防滑移；挡块应与货物贴合，并牢固固定在车厢地板上，以防货物移动。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Blocking is used in the front, back, and/or sides of a piece of cargo to keep it from sliding. Blocking is shaped to fit snugly against cargo. It is secured to the cargo deck to prevent cargo movement.

没错！说明：避险车道的作用是让失控车辆安全停下，同时不伤及司机与乘客。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Escape ramps are made to stop runaway vehicles safely without injuring drivers and passengers.

答对！解释：倒车**始终存在危险**；如需倒车，尽量向**驾驶员一侧**倒车并尽可能使用引导员。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver’s side if possible, use a helper whenever possible.

正确！ 说明：无论因为什么原因被困在道口轨道上，都要立即下车并远离轨道。查看道口的路牌或信号箱上的紧急联络信息。拨打 911，并提供道口位置，尽量说明可识别的地标，尤其是（如有张贴的）DOT 编号。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If for any reason you get stuck on the tracks, get out of the vehicle and away from the tracks. Check signposts or signal housing at the crossing for emergency notification information. Call 911 and give the location of the crossing using all identifiable landmarks, especially the DOT number, if posted.

正确！说明：入弯前先降至安全速度，并预先降到合适挡位。这样弯中可适度带油提升稳定性，也便于出弯后及时加速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Slow down to a safe speed, and downshift to the right gear before entering the curve. This lets you use some power through the curve to help the vehicle be more stable while turning. It also allows you to speed up as soon as you are out of the curve.

答对！说明：第一步是把车驶离道路并停车；要停在开阔地，远离建筑、树木、灌丛、其他车辆或任何可燃物。切勿把车开进加油站！ / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The first step is to get the vehicle off the road and stop. In doing so: park in an open area, away from buildings, trees, brush, other vehicles, or anything that might catch fire. Don’t pull into a service station!

完全正确！解释：空车因抓地力更小，往往需要更长的制动距离，因此制动效果并非最好。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because an empty vehicle has less traction.

没错！说明：桥梁荷载公式规定，轴距越近，允许的最大轴荷越小，以防超载损害桥梁与道路。 / Right! EXPLANATION: A bridge formula permits less maximum axle weight for axles that are closer together. This is to prevent overloading bridges and roadways

答对！说明：犯困时唯一安全的办法就是靠边休息并睡一觉；否则你将拿自己和他人的生命冒险。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: If you are drowsy, the only safe cure is to get off the road and get some sleep. If you don’t, you risk your life and the lives of others.

答对！解释：当没有足够空间停车时，可能需要转向避开前方障碍；通常转向躲避要比完全停住更快。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: When you don’t have enough room to stop, you may have to steer away from what’s ahead. Remember, you can almost always turn to miss an obstacle more quickly than you can stop.

完全正确！解释：使用药物可能导致交通事故，造成死亡、伤害与财产损失；还可能引发逮捕、罚款与监禁，甚至结束驾驶生涯。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Use of drugs can lead to traffic accidents resulting in death, injury, and property damage. Furthermore, it can lead to arrest, fines, and jail sentences. It can also mean the end of a person’s driving career.

没错！说明：顺应车流速度通常更安全也更省力。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Going with the flow of traffic is safer and easier.

答对！解释：要随时准备进行“反向转向”（回打方向）：为躲避危险先向一侧转向后，立即朝相反方向回正修正。把转向与回打视作同一驾驶动作的两个步骤。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Be prepared to “counter-steer,” that is, to turn the wheel back in the other direction, once you’ve passed whatever was in your path. You should think of emergency steering and counter-steering as two parts of one driving action.