通用知识测试

完全正确！解释：要检查钢板弹簧是否缺片或断裂；有些情况下缺失四分之一叶片会令车辆被判“禁止上路”。任何缺陷都可能危险。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Check for missing or broken leaves in any leaf spring. If one-fourth or more are missing, it will put the vehicle "out of service", but any defect could be dangerous.

正确！说明：在系统冷却之前，切勿拆下水箱盖或加压系统的任何部件；高压下的蒸汽与沸水会喷出并造成严重烫伤。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Never remove the radiator cap or any part of the pressurized system until the system has cooled. Steam and boiling water can spray under pressure and cause severe burns.

完全正确！解释：事故处理要点包括：**保护现场**、**通知有关部门**，并**救护伤者**、收集必要信息。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: When you're in an accident and not seriously hurt, you need to act to prevent further damage or injury. The basic steps to be taken at any accident are to: protect the area, notify authorities, and care for the injured.

说明：B:C 类灭火器适用于电气火灾和可燃液体火灾，不适用于木材等 A 类火灾。 /  EXPLANATION: The B:C type fire extinguisher is designed to work on electrical fires and burning liquids, not on wood.

答对！解释：制动片不可过薄，也不应沾有制动液；钢板弹簧缺片同样非常危险。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Brake pads should not be dangerously thin or have fluid on them, and a missing leaf in the leaf spring suspension is very dangerous.

没错！说明：重型车辆在无法跟上车流速度时常被尾随，这在上坡时尤其常见。如果重载让你减速，应尽量保持在右侧车道。上坡时除非能快速且安全地完成超车，否则不要超越其他慢车。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Heavy vehicles are often tailgated when they can't keep up with the speed of traffic. This often happens when you're going uphill. If a heavy load is slowing you down, stay in the right lane if you can. Going uphill, you should not pass another slow vehicle unless you can get around quickly and safely.

正确！说明：车辆检查的一部分是确保车辆不过载，且货物分布平衡并已正确固定。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: As part of your Vehicle inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly.

正确！解释：必须查看上一位驾驶员的检查报告；只有当缺陷已修复或被判定不影响安全时，才能签署确认。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You must review the inspection report made by the previous driver. Only if defects reported earlier have been certified as repaired or not needed to be repaired, should you sign the previous driver's report.

正确！解释：能见度降低时应开灯；减速时可闪烁刹车灯提醒后车。但不应用频闪刹车灯来“逼停”尾随者。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If you find yourself being tailgated, here are some things you can do to reduce the chances of a crash: avoid quick changes, increase your following distance, don't speed up, and don't turn on your taillights or flash your brake lights.

正确！解释：凸面镜虽能扩大视野，但会让行人和物体看起来更小、更远，无法准确反映真实大小和距离；仍然要注意镜外盲区。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Convex mirrors present a view of people and objects that does not accurately reflect their size and distance from the vehicle.

答对！解释：倒车**始终存在危险**；如需倒车，尽量向**驾驶员一侧**倒车并尽可能使用引导员。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver's side if possible, use a helper whenever possible.

正确！解释：前端头板（亦称“防撞架”）可在发生碰撞或紧急制动时保护驾驶员；车辆前端结构应能阻止所载货物向前移动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Front-end header boards ("headache racks") protect you from your cargo in case of a crash or emergency stop. The front-end structure should block the forward movement of any cargo you carry.

答对！说明：封装货物无法直接检查，但你仍应核对总重量与各轴荷不超限，并确保货物已正确固定。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: You cannot inspect sealed loads, but you should check that you don't exceed gross weight and axle weight limits, and that the cargo is properly secured.

正确！解释：装载危险品时，必须检查随车文件、容器标签与车辆危险品警示牌是否齐全、规范。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If the cargo contains hazardous materials, you must inspect for proper papers, labeling, and placarding.

正确！解释：集装箱货物通常由铁路或轮船运输一段后再由卡车接驳；司机仍需检查并确保其已妥善固定。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Containerized loads generally are used when freight is carried part way by rail or ship. Delivery by truck occurs at the beginning and/or end of the journey.

正确！说明：关键是选择对当前条件不过快的车速，要综合考虑车辆与货物总重、下坡长度与坡度、路况与天气。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Your most important consideration is to select a speed that is not too fast for the: total weight of the vehicle and cargo, length of the grade, steepness of the grade, road conditions, and weather.

完全正确！说明：摆放三角警示牌时，应将其置于你与对向来车之间，便于其他驾驶者看见你，从而提升自身安全。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: When putting out the triangles, hold them between yourself and the oncoming traffic for your own safety, so other drivers can see you.

正确！解释：系好安全带，拉起驻车制动，挂入低速挡，轻轻前移试拉，确认驻车制动能牢牢制住车辆。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: To test the parking brake: fasten safety belt, set parking brake, place vehicle into a low gear, and gently pull forward against parking brake to make sure the parking brake holds.

答对！说明：车辆起火的原因包括：燃油溢漏未妥善清理；照明信号火炬使用不当；胎压不足、双胎互相接触；绝缘损坏或接线松动造成的短路；司机在车内外吸烟；加油不当、油路接头松动；以及封装/装载不当或通风不良的易燃货物。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The following are some causes of vehicle fires: Spilled fuel not properly cleaned up; improper use of flares; under-inflated tires and duals that touch; short circuits due to damaged insulation or loose connections; driver smoking in or around the vehicle; improper fueling and loose fuel connections; flammable cargo, improperly sealed or loaded cargo, with poor ventilation.

没错！说明：变道前必须先确认盲区内没有车辆。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Before you change lanes, you must first make sure that no vehicles are hiding in your blind spots.

正确！解释：致命事故的一个主要原因是“在路况条件下车速过快”；必须根据附着力、弯道、能见度、车流与坡度等因素调整车速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Driving too fast is a major cause of fatal crashes. You must adjust your speed depending on driving conditions. These include traction, curves, visibility, traffic and hills.

完全正确！解释：无论货物多小，至少应使用两条捆扎固定。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: No matter how small the cargo, it should have at least two tie-downs.

完全正确！解释：空车因抓地力更小，往往需要更长的制动距离，因此制动效果并非最好。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because an empty vehicle has less traction.

完全正确！解释：使用药物可能导致交通事故，造成死亡、伤害与财产损失；还可能引发逮捕、罚款与监禁，甚至结束驾驶生涯。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Use of drugs can lead to traffic accidents resulting in death, injury, and property damage. Furthermore, it can lead to arrest, fines, and jail sentences. It can also mean the end of a person's driving career.

答对！解释：汽油火可用适当灭火器材或窒息法（湿布、羊毛、沙土、泥土或灰）扑灭；不要用清水直接喷淋。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Gasoline fires may be extinguished by smothering with wet rags, woolen cloth, sand, earth or ashes.

完全正确！解释：轮胎负载是指在指定气压下轮胎可承受的最大安全重量，通常标注在胎侧。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The tire load is the maximum safe weight a tire can carry at a specified pressure. This rating is stated on the side of each tire.

完全正确！解释：你应始终把车速控制在前照灯照明范围内可安全停车；在可用远光时获得更远视距，必须用近光时应相应降速。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: You should always be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead. At night, you can't see as far with low beams as you can with high beams. When you must use low beams, slow down.

完全正确！说明：机油液位：指出机油尺位置并确认油位在安全范围内。发动机舱皮带：检查是否张紧（中部松动不超过 3/4 英寸）、无裂纹或磨损。软管：检查其状况与是否漏液。“气门间隙”并非本题所列检查项。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Oil Level: Indicate where dipstick is located and see that oil level is within safe operating range. Engine Compartment Belts Check belts for snugness up to 3/4-inch play at center of belt with no cracks or frays. Hoses: Inspect hoses for condition and leaks. Valve clearance is the incorrect answer.

正确！说明：车辆挂入合适的低档后，正确做法是：刹车力度以能明显减速为度；当车速降至“安全速度”约低 5 英里/小时时松刹；当车速回到“安全速度”时再重复。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Once the vehicle is in the proper low gear, the following are the proper braking techniques: Apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown, when your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your "safe" speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your "safe" speed, repeat.

正确！解释：应检查油门、制动、离合踏板是否松动或卡滞，也要检查方向盘与变速控制是否损坏或设置不当；因此选择“以上两项”。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Check all of the following for looseness, sticking, damage, or improper setting: steering wheel, clutch, and accelerator.

正确！说明：转向轮必须有足够附着力才能实现转向；在冬季条件下胎纹尤为重要。前轮胎面各主沟的胎纹深度至少 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎至少 2/32 英寸。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The steering tires must have traction to steer the vehicle. Enough tread is especially important in winter conditions. You must have at least 4/32-inch tread depth in every major groove on front tires and at least 2/32 inch on other tires.

答对！解释：服务时间规定通常由各州交通部门执法人员执行；普通警官也可以检查驾驶员的行车日志。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Enforcement of the HOS (Hours of Service) rules is generally handled by DOT officers of their respective states, although any ordinary police officer may inspect a driver's log book.

正确！说明：点放式制动法是将刹车踩到底，当车轮抱死时立即松开。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: With the stab braking method, you apply your brakes all the way and release brakes when wheels lock up.

没错！说明：由于无法看清车后的一切，倒车始终有风险。能不倒车就避免；必须倒车时：从合适的位置开始、看清倒车路径、左右后视镜并用、缓慢倒车、尽量朝驾驶员侧倒并转向、尽量使用手势清晰的指挥员。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: Start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver's side whenever possible, and use a helper with clear hand signals whenever possible.

答对！说明：气压会随温度上升而增大。不要放气，否则轮胎冷却后气压会过低。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Air pressure increases with temperature. Do not let air out or the pressure will be too low when the tires cool off.

正确！解释：使用转向灯的三条好规则：提前充分打灯、转弯过程中保持信号、转弯完成后及时关闭信号。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: There are three good rules for using turn signals: signal early, signal continuously, cancel your signal after the turn is completed.

正确！说明：确保已拉好驻车制动，关闭发动机，并在不在驾驶室时把钥匙随身带走进行车辆检查。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Make sure the parking brake is set, turn off the engine, and take the key with you when you are not in the cab during your vehicle inspection.

没错！说明：制动衰退源于过热使制动衬片发生化学变化而降低摩擦，同时还会使制动鼓热胀，导致制动效能下降。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Brake fade results from excessive heat causing chemical changes in the brake lining, which reduce friction, and also causing expansion of the brake drums

答对！说明：统计表明，饮酒驾驶者发生事故的概率远高于未饮酒者。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Accident statistics show that the chance of a crash is much greater for drivers who have been drinking than for drivers who have not.

正确！说明：以下挂车易在抬高道口搁底：低底盘车（低平板、运车车、搬家车、肚腹式牲畜拖车）。另外，单轴牵引车牵引为双轴牵引车设置支腿高度的长挂车也易被卡。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: These trailers can get stuck on raised crossings: Low slung units (lowboy, car carrier, moving van, possum-belly livestock trailer). Single-axle tractor pulling a long trailer with its landing gear set to accommodate a tandem-axle tractor.

完全正确！解释：现代卡车下坡时常需要使用比上坡更低的档位，以利用发动机制动控制车速并避免制动器过热。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Drivers of modern trucks may have to use lower gears going down a hill than would be required to go up the hill.

答对！解释：驾驶商用车发短信是违法的，雇主不得允许或要求驾驶员这样做；多次违规可导致 资格被取消。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Your CDL will be disqualified after two or more convictions of any state law on texting while operating a CMV. No motor carrier shall allow or require its drivers to engage in texting while driving.

正确！解释：“车轴重量”指由单个车轴或一组车轴传递到地面的重量。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Axle weight is the weight transmitted from one axle or a set of axles to the ground.

答对！说明：当发动机转速接近限速转速、且变速器处于低挡位时，发动机制动效果最强。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The braking effect of the engine is greatest when it is near the governed rpms and the transmission is in the lower gears.

答对！说明：轮胎问题包括：气压过高或过低、严重磨损；前轮胎纹少于 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎少于 2/32 英寸；割裂或其他损伤；胎面分层；双胎互相接触或与车体部件相擦；尺寸不匹配；子午线与斜交轮胎混用等。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Tire Problems: too much or too little air pressure, bad wear. Less than 4/32-inch tread depth on front tires, less than 2/32 inch on other tires, cuts or other damage, tread separation, dual tires that come in contact with each other or parts of the vehicle, mismatched sizes, and radial and bias-ply tires used together.