组合车辆测试 – 卡友助手

组合车辆测试

题库共有99题，每次随机刷新20题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

正确！解释：应急气路发生重大泄漏会使牵引车保护阀关闭，并触发挂车紧急制动。但只有当挂车气罐仍有压力时，制动才能保持。 / Right! EXPLANATION: A major leak in the emergency line will cause the tractor protection valve to close and the trailer emergency brakes to come on. But the brakes will hold only if there is air pressure in the trailer air tank.

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行驶中若应急气路破裂或被扯断，压力损失会导致： / Your emergency air line breaks or gets pulled apart while you are driving. The loss of pressure will cause the:

挂车紧急制动会介入 / Emergency trailer brakes to come on

在气压降到 10 PSI 之前不会发生任何事 / Nothing will happen until air pressure reaches 10 PSI

空气压缩机会卸载而不再充气 / Air compressor to unload instead of pumping air

挂车供气阀会打开 / Trailer supply valve will open

完全正确！解释：检查期间要先**固定车辆**：变速箱挂**空挡**，拉驻车制动，熄火并带走钥匙，防止他人移动。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Before inspection the trailer while coupling you need to secure the vehicle. Put transmission in neutral. Put parking brakes on. Shut off engine and take key with you so someone else won’t move truck while you are under it.

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解挂并检查挂车支腿时，牵引车变速箱应挂在什么挡位？ / What gear should the tractor engine be in after you uncouple the trailer and are inspecting the trailer supports?

高速倒挡（High reverse） / High reverse

空挡（Neutral） / Neutral

低速倒挡（Low reverse） / Low reverse

正确！解释：挂车应略低于五轮，使牵引车倒入时能将挂车稍微托起。过低可能撞伤挂车鼻部；过高可能无法正确挂接。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The trailer should be low enough that it is raised slightly by the tractor when the tractor is backed under it. Raise or lower the trailer as needed. If the trailer is too low, the tractor may strike and damage the trailer nose; if the trailer is too high, it may not couple correctly.

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你在将半挂车与牵引车连接，但尚未倒到车底；何时算挂车高度正确？ / You are coupling a semi-trailer to your tractor but have not yet backed under. The trailer is at the right height when:

牵引销（kingpin）端面约高出五轮 1 又 1/4 英寸 / The kingpin is about 1 1/4 inches above the fifth wheel

牵引销端面与五轮顶面齐平 / The end of the kingpin is even with the top of the fifth wheel

当牵引车倒入其下时，挂车会被稍微托起 / The trailer will be raised slightly when the tractor is backed under it

正确！解释：先检查手爪密封，并把牵引车的**应急与行车**两根气管接到挂车对应的手爪接头上；并确保气管悬挂妥当，不会在倒入时被挤压或钩住。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Check glad hand seals and connect tractor emergency and service air-line to trailer emergency and service glad hand. Make sure air-lines are safely supported where they won’t be crushed or caught while tractor is backing under the trailer.

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你在把牵引车与半挂车对接，已倒到但还没进入挂车底下。倒入之前应先接好什么？ / You are coupling a tractor to a semi-trailer and have backed up but are not under it. What should you hook up before backing under?

电源服务电缆 / The electrical service cable

应急与行车两根气管 / The emergency and service air lines

不用接，直接倒进去锁住五轮即可 / Nothing; back up and lock the fifth wheel

对！解释：若 1 分钟压降超过规范，说明漏气过大；不修复就上路，**可能失去制动**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If the air pressure falls more than the specified psi in one minute for combination vehicles, the air loss rate is too much. Check for air leaks and fix before driving the vehicle. Otherwise, you could lose your brakes while driving.

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如果不做最后的空气制动漏气检查并修复， / If you do not do the final air brake check for air leaks and fix them before driving,

油耗会升高。 / your fuel usage will increase.

轮胎气压会下降。 / tire pressure will drop.

行驶中可能失去制动。 / you could lose your brakes while driving.

完全正确！解释：牵引车保护阀用于在挂车脱离或出现严重漏气时，**把牵引车的空气留在牵引车系统**里。它受驾驶室内的挂车供气控制阀控制；当气压过低（通常 **20–45 psi**）时会自动关闭，并释放挂车应急管路的空气，使挂车紧急制动介入。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The tractor protection valve keeps air in the tractor or truck brake system should the trailer break away or develop a bad leak. The tractor protection valve is controlled by the trailer air supply control valve in the cab. The control valve allows you to open and shut the tractor protection valve. The tractor protection valve will close automatically if air pressure is low (in the range of 20 to 45 psi). When the tractor protection valve closes, it stops any air from going out of the tractor. It also lets the air out of the trailer emergency line. This causes the trailer emergency brakes to come on, with possible loss of control.

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你驾驶组合车辆行驶时，挂车脱离，拉断了两根气管。你可以预期挂车制动会介入，并且： / You are driving a combination vehicle when the trailer breaks away, pulling apart both air lines. You would expect the trailer brakes to come on and:

牵引车保护阀会关闭 / The tractor protection valve to close

系统驻车制动会关闭 / System parking brake will close

挂车供气阀会保持开启 / The trailer supply valve to stay open

牵引车会丢失全部气压 / The tractor to lose all air pressure

答对了！解释：转换拖架与 1975 年前制造的挂车**不要求**配备弹簧制动。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Converter dollies and trailers built before 1975 are not required to have spring brakes.

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装有空气制动的 1975 年以前生产的半挂车： / Semi-trailers made before 1975 that are equipped with air brakes:

以上都不对。 / None of the answers are correct

通常需要手爪接头转换器。 / Usually need a glad hand converter

常**未**配备弹簧制动。 / Often do not have spring brakes

因更重而更易制动。 / Are easier to brake because they are heavier

正确！解释：牵引车保护阀关闭时会阻止牵引车空气外泄，并放空挂车应急管路，使挂车**紧急制动**介入。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When the tractor protection valve closes, it stops any air from going out of the tractor. It also lets the air out of the trailer emergency line. This causes the trailer emergency brakes to come on

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当制动管路发生重大泄漏时，牵引车保护阀会关闭，挂车的 _______ 制动会介入。 / The tractor protection valve will close and the trailer _______ brakes will come on when there is a major leak in the brake line.

紧急 / emergency

行车 / service

驻车 / parking

正确！解释：拉出空气供给旋钮，或把牵引车保护阀从“normal”拨到“emergency”，以**锁住挂车制动**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Pull out the air supply knob or move the tractor protection valve control from normal to emergency.

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倒入挂车底下之前，务必先确认： / Before you back under a trailer, make sure the:

牵引车保护阀在“正常”位置 / Tractor protection valve is normal

空气制动已释放 / Air brakes are off

挂车制动已锁定 / Trailer brakes are locked

完全正确！解释：上、下五轮之间**不应有间隙**；若有缝隙，可能是牵引销压在闭合的锁爪上，挂车很容易脱落。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Make sure there is no space between upper and lower fifth wheel. If there is space, something is wrong, the kingpin may be on top of the closed fifth wheel jaws, and trailer would come loose very easily.

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完成挂接后，挂车承盘（apron）与五轮之间应有多少间隙？ / How much space should be between the apron and fifth wheel after coupling?

至少 1/2 英寸。 / At lease 1/2 inch

有一条能透光的缝即可。 / Just enough to see light through it

不应有缝隙。 / None

正确！解释：行车气路重大泄漏在你**踩刹车**之前不一定明显；一旦踩下，漏气会让气压迅速下降，若降得过低，挂车紧急制动会介入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You may not notice a major leak in the service line until you try to put the brakes on. Then, the air loss from the leak will lower the air tank pressure quickly. If it goes low enough, the trailer emergency brakes will come on.

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行驶中若行车气路（service line）脱开而应急气路仍连接，会立即发生什么？ / If the service airline comes apart while you are driving a combination vehicle, but the emergency line stays together, what will happen right away?

在你踩刹车之前基本不会发生什么 / Nothing is likely to happen until you try to apply the brakes

牵引车的紧急制动会立即介入 / The emergency tractor brakes will come on

挂车的气罐会从断开的管路排尽空气 / The trailer's air tank will exhaust through the open line

正确！解释：反复踩放刹车踏板，让系统气压降至**约 20–45 psi**，这会使**弹簧制动**介入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: – 45 psi. This will cause the spring brakes to come on.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，先给挂车制动系统充气、熄火，然后 / To test the tractor protection valve, charge the trailer air brake system, turn off the engine, and

连续闪几次远光灯。 / flash your high-beam headlights on and off several times.

反复踩放刹车踏板数次。 / step on and off the brake pedal several times.

持续用力踩住刹车踏板。 / keep pressing the brake pedal firmly.

答对了！解释：无论 ABS 安装在牵引车、挂车，还是两者都有，**制动方法相同**；ABS 只是帮助防抱死。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Brake the same way, regardless of whether you have ABS on the tractor, the trailer, or both.

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防抱死制动系统（ABS）在以下哪种配置下有用？ / An antilock braking system (ABS) is useful

只有同时装在牵引车和所有挂车上才有效。 / only if it is on the tractor and all trailers.

只装在牵引车上才有效。 / only if it is on the tractor.

无论装在牵引车或挂车上都有效。 / whether it is on the tractor or the trailers.

完全正确！解释：当**驱动轮**被锁死时抓地力更差，后轴会横向滑移来“追上”前轮；带挂车时，挂车会**把牵引车侧推**，形成突然的折刀。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Rear wheel braking skids occur when the rear drive wheels lock. Because locked wheels have less traction than rolling wheels, the rear wheels usually slide sideways to “catch up” with the front wheels. With vehicles towing trailers, a drive-wheel skid can let the trailer push the towing vehicle sideways, causing a sudden jackknife.

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什么是“牵引车折刀（tractor jackknife）”？ / What is a tractor jackknife?

锁死牵引车驱动轮，挂车继续向前推，牵引车横向甩出。 / When you lock up the drive tires on the tractor and the tractor spins out sideways as the trailer continues to push forward

锁死挂车驱动轮，挂车横向甩出而牵引车继续推着向前。 / When you lock up the drive tires on the trailer and the trailer spins out sideways as the tractor continues to push forward

以上都不是 / Neither of the above

答对了！解释：在把牵引车倒入挂车底下前，确保空气压力达到**正常值**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Make sure air pressure is up to normal before backing under the trailer.

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在整套空气系统 ______ 之前，你不应把牵引车倒入挂车底下。 / You should not back a tractor under a trailer until the whole air system is

降到最大气压的一半。 / bled down to half the maximum pressure.

达到正常气压。 / at normal pressure.

在 60–80 PSI 之间。 / between 60 and 80 psi.

答对了！解释：到挂车下方检查五轮，确认锁爪**抱住牵引销的颈部（shank）**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Go under trailer and investigate the back of the fifth wheel. Make sure the fifth wheel jaws have closed around the shank of the kingpin.

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五轮锁爪应当抱住牵引销（kingpin）的哪一部分？ / Which part of the kingpin should the locking jaws close around?

头部（head）。 / The head

颈部（shank）。 / The shank

根部（base）。 / The base

正确！解释：把牵引车向前挪到五轮刚好脱离挂车，但**车架仍在挂车下方**。若支腿塌陷或下陷，可防止挂车落地。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Pull tractor forward until fifth wheel comes out from under the trailer but stop with tractor frame under trailer preventing the trailer from falling to ground if landing gear should collapse or sink.

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解挂后检查挂车支腿时，牵引车应停在何处？ / Where should the tractor be when you inspect the landing gear after uncoupling the trailer?

让牵引车完全离开挂车 / Completely cleared from the trailer

让牵引车车架仍在挂车底下 / With the tractor frame under the trailer

让五轮正对牵引销正下方 / With the fifth wheel directly beneath the kingpin

正确！解释：如果挂车没有弹簧制动，你可能还能开走，但挂车**行车制动**不起作用。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If the trailer has no spring brakes you would be able to drive away, but service breaks for the trailer only will not work.

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把气管接反（crossed airlines）与旧式挂车连接，会怎样？ / The driver crosses the airlines when hooking up to an old trailer. What will happen?

脚踏制动会作用在挂车弹簧制动而不是空气制动上 / The brake pedal will work the trailer spring brakes instead of the air brakes

手控阀会作用在牵引车制动而非挂车制动上 / The hand valve will apply the tractor brakes instead of the trailer brakes

如果挂车没有弹簧制动，你仍能开走，但**没有挂车制动** / If the trailer has no spring brakes, you can drive away, but you will not have trailer brakes

正确！解释：确认**安全卡扣扣在锁柄上方**。某些五轮的卡扣需要手动放置。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Check that the safety latch is in position over locking lever. On some fifth wheels the catch must be put in place by hand.

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要完成挂接，五轮锁柄的安全卡扣必须位于 / The safety catch for the fifth wheel locking lever must be _____ for a coupling to be complete.

锁柄**下方**。 / Under the locking lever

锁柄**上方**。 / Over the locking lever

穿过锁柄。 / Through the locking lever

正确！解释：一个常用规则：**40 mph 以下**时，每 **10 英尺**车长应留 **1 秒**间隔；更高速度需**再加 1 秒**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

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良好路况下，你与前车至少应保持的时间间隔为：每 ______ 英尺车长留出一秒。 / Under good driving conditions, you should leave at least one second of space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ___ feet of your vehicle’s length.

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