气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：施加压力表显示你此刻施加到制动系统上的气压大小。 / EXPLANATION: Application Pressure Gauge shows how much air pressure you are applying to the brakes.

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制动施加压力表（application pressure gauge）向驾驶员显示： / The application pressure gauge shows the driver how much pressure:

储气筒中的气压。 / Is in the air tanks.

正施加到制动器上的压力。 / Is being applied to the brakes.

行程中累计使用了多少压力。 / Has been used on the trip.

解释：驻车/紧急制动需要靠机械力保持，因为气压最终会泄漏；通常使用弹簧制动实现。行驶时，强力弹簧由气压“顶住”，因此不会介入。 / EXPLANATION: Parking or emergency brakes must be held on by mechanical force because air pressure can eventually leak away. Spring brakes are usually used to meet these needs. When driving, powerful springs are held back by air pressure.

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在正常行驶中，弹簧制动通常由什么力量“顶住”而不介入： / During normal driving, spring brakes are usually held back by

气压。 / air pressure.

螺栓与支架。 / bolts and braces.

弹簧。 / springs.

解释：S 形凸轮呈字母 “S” 的形状。它使两片制动蹄相互分开并压向制动鼓内侧。 / EXPLANATION: The S-cam is S-shaped. The s-cam forces the brake shoes away from one another and presses them against the inside of the brake drum.

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S 形凸轮鼓式制动器每个制动室里都有一个 S 形凸轮，为什么叫“S-cam”？ / S-cam drum brakes have an S-cam in each brake chamber. Why is it called an "S-cam?"

只要车轮转动它就一直旋转。 / It is constantly spinning whenever the wheel is spinning.

它的形状像字母 “S”。 / It is shaped like the letter "S."

它让制动蹄沿着 S 形轨迹移动。 / It makes the brake shoes move in an S-shaped path.

解释：所有配有空气制动的车辆**都必须**有低气压警报。 / Right! EXPLANATION: A low air pressure warning signal is required on vehicles with air brakes.

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哪些车辆必须配备低气压警报？ / Which vehicles must have low air pressure warning signals?

2010 年后生产的车辆必须配备。 / Vehicles built after 2010 must have low air pressure warning signals.

所有目前在用的空气制动车辆都必须配备。 / All vehicles with air brakes currently in operation must have low air pressure warning signals.

都不需要；低气压警报是可选的。 / None; low air pressure warning signals are optional.

2005 年后生产的车辆必须配备。 / Vehicles built after 2005 must have low air pressure warning signals.

解释：制动鼓过热膨胀，制动蹄/衬片需要移动更远才能接触鼓，接触力也会减弱，所以你会感觉需要更用力踩踏板。 / EXPLANATION: As the overheated drums expand, the brake shoes and linings have to move farther to contact the drums, and the force of this contact is reduced. So, you will be pressing harder on the pedal.

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以下哪种情况表明制动在衰退（fading）？ / You'll know that your brakes are fading if

为了控制车速需要比平时更用力踩刹车。 / you have to press the brake pedal harder than usual to control your speed.

踩下刹车时脚感发“虚”。 / the brake feels spongy when you apply pressure.

一松刹车车速就上升。 / you release the brake pedal and your speed increases.

解释：每次停车都应使用驻车制动：拉出控制旋钮施加，按下释放。 / EXPLANATION: Any time you park use the parking brakes. Pull the parking brake control knob out to apply the parking brakes, push it in to release.

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空气制动车辆的驻车制动应在何时使用： / In air brake vehicles, the parking brakes should be used:

下坡时用来控制车速。 / To hold your speed when going downhill.

仅在出车前/收车后检查时。 / Only during pre and post trip inspections.

每次停车时。 / Whenever the vehicle is parked.

解释：即便警报来自**副**系统，也必须在安全地点停车并修复后再行驶；在低气压警报亮起的情况下继续行驶不安全。 / EXPLANATION: Even if the low-pressure alarm is for the secondary system you need to stop at a safe location, park, and get the issue fixed. It is unsafe for the vehicle to remain in motion with a low air alarm.

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你的车辆为双回路空气制动，如果副系统出现低气压警报，你应该？ / Your vehicle has a dual air brake system, if a low air pressure warning comes on for the secondary system, you should?

降低车速并在行驶中测试剩余系统。 / Reduce your speed and test the remaining system while underway.

降速行驶到最近的修理厂再修理。 / Reduce your speed and drive to the nearest garage for repairs.

停车、在安全地点靠边，修好后再继续。 / Stop, safely park, and continue only when the system is fixed.

解释：在正常行驶中，踩下踏板时施加并释放制动的是行车制动系统。 / EXPLANATION: The service brake system applies and releases the brakes when you use the brake pedal during normal driving.

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在驾驶员使用制动踏板时负责施加并释放制动的是： / The brake system that applies and releases the brakes when the driver uses the brake pedal is the:

紧急制动系统。 / Emergency brake system.

驻车制动系统。 / Parking brake system.

行车制动系统。 / Service brake system.

解释：双回路系统是两套独立的空气制动共用一套操控；通常一套管后桥，另一套管前桥（有时也管部分后桥）。失压的那套对应车轴的常用制动将无法完全工作。 / EXPLANATION: A dual air brake system has two separate air brake systems, which use a single set of brake controls. Each system has its own air tanks, hoses, lines, etc. One system typically operates the regular brakes on the rear axle or axles. The other system operates the regular brakes on the front axle and possibly one rear axle.

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车辆为双回路空气制动，其中一套失压会怎样？ / Your vehicle has a dual air brake system. One of the systems loses air pressure. What will happen?

手动行程调节器会被设错。 / The manual slack adjusters will not be set properly.

前桥或后桥的常用制动将不能完全工作。 / Either the front or rear brakes will not be fully operational.

紧急制动会立刻介入。 / The emergency brakes will come on immediately.

解释：所有卡车、牵引车和客车都必须配备紧急制动和驻车制动。由于气压可能会泄漏，制动必须由机械力保持；通常使用弹簧制动来实现。 / EXPLANATION: All trucks, truck tractors, and buses must be equipped with emergency brakes and parking brakes. They must be held on by mechanical force because air pressure can eventually leak away. Spring brakes are usually used to meet these needs.

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在卡车、牵引车或客车上，哪种力可以依法保持驻车或紧急制动处于制动位置？ / What can legally hold a parking or emergency brake in position for a truck, truck tractor or bus?

液压 / Fluid pressure

弹簧力 / Spring pressure

气压 / Air pressure

解释：在干燥路面、时速 55 英里时，空气制动的迟滞会额外增加约 32 英尺的距离。 / EXPLANATION: The air brake lag distance at 55 mph on dry pavement adds about 32 feet.

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在时速 55 英里时，制动迟滞造成的距离约为多少英尺？ / Brake lag distance at 55 mph is _____ feet?

23 英尺 / 23

32 英尺 / 32

50 英尺 / 50

解释：检查 S 形凸轮制动的行程调节器时，应在平地停车、垫轮挡并**释放驻车制动**。 / EXPLANATION: To check slack adjusters on S-cam Brakes. Park on level ground and chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving and release the parking brake.

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检查 S 形凸轮鼓式制动的行程调节器，首先应当 / To check the slack adjusters on S-cam drum brakes, you should first

在平坦地面停车并排尽气压。 / park on level ground and drain off the air pressure.

在平坦地面停车、垫好轮挡，并释放驻车制动。 / park on level ground, chock the wheels, and release the parking brakes.

在平坦地面停车并拉起驻车制动。 / stop on level ground and apply the parking brakes.

解释：频繁使用制动、未依赖发动机制动会产生过多热量引起衰退；制动调整不当也会加剧衰退或导致失效。 / EXPLANATION: Brakes can fade or fail from excessive heat caused by using them too much and not relying on the engine braking effect. Brake fade is also affected by adjustment.

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以下哪些会导致制动衰退或失效？ / Which of the following can cause brakes to fade or fail?

未充分利用发动机制动 / Not relying enough on engine braking

制动器调校不当 / Brakes being out of adjustment

以上全部 / All of the above

过度使用行车制动 / Excessive use of the service brakes

解释：即使没有 ABS，你仍然拥有正常的制动功能，按平时方式驾驶和制动即可，但应尽快检修 ABS。 / EXPLANATION: Without ABS you still have normal brake functions. Drive and brake as you always have.

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如果防抱死制动系统（ABS）失效，下列关于制动功能的说法哪项正确？ / Which of the following will be true about your brake function if your antilock braking system (ABS) fails?

它会把卡车减速直至停下，迫使你靠边。 / It will slow your truck to a halt and force you to pull over.

你仍然具备正常的制动功能，只需要尽快修好 ABS。 / You will still have normal brake function and will just need to get the ABS repaired soon.

你将完全没有制动功能，车辆会失控。 / You will have no brake function and your truck will be out of control.

可能影响其他机械系统并带来巨大火灾风险。 / It may cause problems with other mechanical systems and possibly pose a huge fire risk.

解释：点踩制动法：把刹车踩到底；车轮**一抱死**就松开；只要车轮**重新滚动**就再次把刹车踩到底。 / EXPLANATION: Stab braking means that you: apply your brakes all the way, and release brakes when wheels lock up. As soon as the wheels start rolling, apply the brakes fully again.

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紧急停车时你应该？ / In an emergency stop you should?

同时使用手控阀和行车制动。 / Use the hand valve and service brakes.

用力制动但不要抱死车轮。 / Use the brakes hard without locking the wheels.

使用点踩制动法（stab braking）。 / Use the stab braking method

解释：低气压警报亮起，应尽快安全停车并靠边。 / EXPLANATION: If the low air pressure warning comes on, stop and safely park your vehicle as soon as possible.

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若低气压警报亮起，你首先应该做什么？ / What is the first thing you should do if the low air pressure warning comes on?

升挡。 / Upshift.

停车。 / Stop.

降挡。 / Downshift.

解释：警报灯和蜂鸣应在任一系统低于 60 psi 前亮起/响起。行驶中发生这种情况，应立即停车并安全靠边。若一套系统压力很低，前轴或后轴的常用制动将不能完全工作，停车距离会变长；修复后再继续行驶。 / EXPLANATION: The warning light and buzzer should come on before the air pressure drops below 60 psi in either system. If this happens while driving, you should stop right away and safely park the vehicle. If one air system is very low on pressure, either the front or the rear brakes will not be operating fully. This means it will take you longer to stop. Bring the vehicle to a safe stop and have the air brakes system fixed.

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你的卡车/客车是双回路空气制动；若只有一套出现低气压警报，你应当： / Your truck or bus has a dual air brake system. If a low air pressure warning comes on for only one system, what should you do?

立刻停车并安全靠边，修好后再继续。 / Stop. Safely park and continue only after the system is fixed.

正常速度继续开，找家修理厂在抱死前修好。 / Continue at normal speed and find a garage before the brakes lock.

降速开到最近的修理厂。 / Reduce your speed and drive to the nearest garage for repairs.

解释：总停车距离包含知觉距离、反应距离和制动距离。在 55 mph 时，车辆大约要行驶 450 英尺才能完全停下。 / EXPLANATION: The total minimum distance your vehicle has traveled, in ideal conditions; with everything considered, including perception distance, reaction distance and braking distance, until you can bring your vehicle to a complete stop. At 55 mph, your vehicle will travel about 450 feet.

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在理想条件下，一辆配备空气制动的卡车/客车以 55 mph 行驶，平均驾驶员需要的制动距离大约是？ / Under ideal conditions, the average driver of a truck or bus equipped with air brakes and traveling at 55 mph would require what stopping distance?

300 到 350 英尺 / 300 to 350 feet

100 到 250 英尺 / 100 to 250 feet

超过 400 英尺 / More than 400 feet

解释：安全泄压阀装在压缩机首先充气的储气筒上，通常设定在 **150 psi** 打开，用以保护储气筒及系统免受过压；若阀门泄气，说明系统有故障，应检修。 / EXPLANATION: A safety relief valve is installed in the first tank the air compressor pumps air to. The safety valve protects the tank and the rest of the system from too much pressure. The valve is usually set to open at 150 psi. If the safety valve releases air, something is wrong. Have the fault fixed by a mechanic.

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安全泄压阀会在 _____ psi 打开？ / The safety release valve will blow at _____ psi?

120

150

160

解释：长/陡下坡时脚刹只是发动机制动的**补充**。预先选好低挡位，只需轻踩到**明显减速**即可。 / EXPLANATION: The use of brakes on a long and/or steep downgrade is only a supplement to the braking effect of the engine. Once the vehicle is in the proper low gear you should only have to apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown.

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开始下坡前，应选择合适挡位，以便 / Before starting down a hill, you should be in the proper gear

能在下坡过程中逐个换挡。 / so you can go through the gears on the way down.

只需将刹车踩到能明显减速即可。 / so you only have to apply the brake just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown.

能够空挡滑行。 / so you can coast downhill.

解释：弹簧制动是重要的后备系统：当因泄漏等原因气压丢失或气压过低时，强力弹簧会自动施加制动。当然，理想情况下应在此之前由驾驶员主动控制并停车。 / EXPLANATION: Spring brakes are an important backup system: powerful springs that automatically apply the brakes if they sense that air pressure has been lost for some reason, such as a leak. They will also apply the brakes if the psi gets too low, although ideally, you should take control of your brakes before that happens.

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弹簧制动（spring brakes）是指 / Spring brakes are

以上全部。 / all of the above.

由强力弹簧组成；行驶时由气压顶住使其不介入。 / made up of powerful springs that are held back by air pressure while you are driving.

当气压过低时，会在卡车或牵引车上自动介入的制动。 / brakes that come on automatically on a truck or tractor when the psi drops too low.

只有当系统气压降到某一范围（通常 20–30 psi）时才会完全起效。 / not going to take full effect until your psi drops to a certain range, typically 20 to 30 psi.

解释：鼓式制动装在车辆的各根车轴上，包含约十个部件（如车轴、行程调节器、制动鼓等）；安全阀属于**空气制动系统**，不属于**鼓式制动器**本体。 / EXPLANATION: Drum brakes are on each of your vehicle's axles and contain about 10 different parts, including the axle, slack adjuster, and brake drum itself. While a safety valve is part of the air brake system, it is not part of the drum brake.

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下列哪一项不属于鼓式制动器的组成？ / Which of the following is NOT part of the drum brake?

制动鼓 / Brake drum

行程调节器 / Slack adjuster

回位弹簧 / Return spring

安全阀 / Safety valve

解释：1998 年 3 月 1 日及以后生产的转换拖架必须配备 ABS，并在左侧装有一个黄色指示灯。 / EXPLANATION: Converter dollies built on or after March 1, 1998, are required to have antilock brakes. These dollies will have a yellow lamp on the left side of the dolly.

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装有 ABS 的转换拖架（converter dolly）必须配备 / A converter dolly with antilock brakes (ABS) is required to have

左侧安装黄色指示灯。 / a yellow lamp on the left side.

右侧安装白色指示灯。 / a white lamp on the right side.

左侧安装白色指示灯。 / a white lamp on the left side.

解释：研究表明，前轮制动在各种天气和驾驶条件下都适用；即便在结冰路面，前轮制动也不太可能引发侧滑。 / EXPLANATION: Front wheel brakes have been shown to be ideal under all weather and driving conditions. Front wheel braking is unlikely to cause a skid even on icy roads.

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在哪些条件下前轮制动是合适/有效的？ / Under which conditions are front wheel brakes good?

仅在潮湿或结冰条件下 / Wet or icy conditions only

各种天气条件下 / All weather conditions

无 / None

只在良好天气 / Good weather only

解释：有些空气制动系统会用酒精蒸发器向系统中加入酒精，以减少寒冷天气下阀门及其他部件结冰的风险。但仍需每天放掉储气筒中的水和油。 / EXPLANATION: Some air brake systems have an alcohol evaporator to put alcohol into the air system. This helps to reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves and other parts during cold weather. Daily air tank drainage is still needed to get rid of water and oil.

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如果车辆配有酒精蒸发器（alcohol evaporator），其作用是： / If your vehicle has an alcohol evaporator, it is there to:

让你不必每天放水。 / Eliminate the need for daily tank draining.

在寒冷天气降低空气制动阀结冰的风险。 / Reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves in cold weather.

清除湿罐底部积存的酒精。 / Rid the wet tank of alcohol that condenses and sits at the bottom.

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