组合车辆测试 – 卡友助手

组合车辆测试

题库共有99题，每次随机刷新20题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

正确！解释：电缆悬挂时让插头朝下，以防水分进入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Hang electrical cable with plug down to prevent moisture from entering it.

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在解挂过程中，你应断开电缆并： / During uncoupling, you should disconnect the electrical cable and

将其悬挂且插头朝下 / hang it with the plug down.

把它盘起来以免碍事 / coil it to keep it out of the way.

将其悬挂且插头朝上 / hang it with the plug up.

对！解释：连接手爪接头时，让两只接头相对成**90°**，并压紧密封圈。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When connecting the glad hands, press the two seals together with the couplers at a 90-degree angle to each other.

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连接手爪接头（glad hands）时应以多少角度对接？ / At what angle do you hold your airline glad hands when connecting them?

180 度 / 180 degrees

45 度 / 45 degrees

90 度 / 90 degrees

完全正确！解释：行车气路的大泄漏在你踩刹车前未必明显；一旦踩下，压力会迅速降低，降到足够低时，挂车**紧急/弹簧制动**会介入。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: You may not notice a major leak in the service line until you try to put the brakes on. Then, the air loss from the leak will lower the air tank pressure quickly. If it goes low enough, the trailer emergency brakes will come on.

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行车气路发生重大泄漏且你踩下刹车时，行车气压会泄掉并导致： / You have a major leak in the service line, and you put on the brakes. Service air pressure will escape and cause the:

spring brakes to come on / 挂车紧急/弹簧制动介入。 / Trailer emergency

牵引车弹簧制动抱死。 / Tractor spring brakes to lock on

挂车储气筒气压耗尽。 / Trailer tank pressure to be lost

正确！解释：带挂车的卡车具有危险的**后向放大**效应（鞭甩效应）。快速变道时，尾挂的摆动会被放大，导致挂车翻车。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Trucks with trailers have a dangerous crack-the-whip effect caused by rearward amplification. When you make a quick lane change, the crack-the-whip effect can turn the trailer over. There are many accidents where only the trailer has overturned.

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以下哪一项最能说明“鞭甩效应（crack‑the‑whip）”？ / Which statement best illustrates the "crack-the-whip" effect?

挂车半满且货物在前部，突然打方向时，货物会猛烈滑向后部，迫使挂车翻车。 / The trailer is half full, and the cargo is loaded in the front of the trailer. When making a sudden movement of the steering wheel, the cargo will tend to forcefully slide to the back of the trailer, forcing the trailer to roll over.

快速变道或突然打方向时，最后一节挂车会向外甩，其力量被放大，导致它翻车。 / When making a quick lane change or sudden movement of the steering wheel, the rear trailer tends to swing out. The force of the rear trailer becomes amplified, causing it to roll over.

快速变道或突然打方向时，牵引车左右摇摆，最后一节挂车的速度迫使牵引车先翻。 / When making a quick lane change or sudden movement of the steering wheel, the tractor tends to rock and sway. The velocity of the rearmost trailer forces the tractor to roll over before the trailer.

对！解释：牵引**超过 10,000 磅**挂车需要 **A 级 CDL**；拖三挂还必须在 CDL 上有**双/三挂背书**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: To legally pull a trailer with a GVWR exceeding 10,000 pounds, you'll need a Class A CDL. To pull triples, the doubles/triples endorsement on your CDL is also required.

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驾驶三挂组合车辆需要 / To drive a triple combination vehicle, you must have

在你的 CDL 上有“双/三挂”背书即可。 / a doubles/triples endorsement on your CDL.

A级商用驾照（CDL）。 / a Class A CDL.

带“双/三挂”背书的 A 级 CDL。 / a Class A CDL with a doubles/triples endorsement.

完全正确！解释：当气压降到大约 **20–45 psi** 时，红色挂车供气旋钮会**弹出**，或从“normal”切到“emergency”。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: –45 psi, the trailer air supply control knob should pop out, or the valve control should go from the "normal" to the "emergency" position.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，红色的挂车供气控制旋钮应该跳到 ________ 位置。 / When you test the tractor protection valve, the red air supply control knob should go into the ________ position.

normal（正常） / normal

neutral（空档） / neutral

emergency（紧急） / emergency

正确！解释：无弹簧制动的挂车只有储气筒里的空气能维持紧急制动；空气最终会**漏光**，届时将**没有制动**，因此务必使用**轮挡**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Trailers that do not have spring brakes have emergency brakes, which work from the air stored in the trailer air tank. A major leak in the emergency line will cause the tractor protection valve to close and the trailer emergency brakes to come on, but the brakes will hold only if there is air pressure in the trailer air tank. Eventually, the air will leak away and then there will be no brakes. Therefore, it is very important for safety that you use wheel chocks when you park trailers without spring brakes.

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停放没有弹簧制动的挂车时应使用轮挡，因为 / You should use chocks when parking a trailer without spring brakes because

有些州法律要求给挂车车轮垫块。 / some states require chocking of trailer wheels.

不想让挂车顺坡溜走。 / you don't want the trailer rolling down a hill.

一旦气源泄光，将**没有刹车**。 / if the air supply leaks away, there will be no brakes.

正确！解释：在驾驶室**按入**挂车供气旋钮，或把牵引车保护阀控制从“紧急”位切到“正常”位，即可向挂车制动系统供气。 / Right! EXPLANATION: From cab, push in air supply knob or move tractor protection valve control from the emergency to the normal position to supply air to the trailer brake system.

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你如何向挂车气罐供气？ / You supply air to the trailer tanks by:

按入挂车供气阀 / Pushing in the trailer air supply valve

拉出挂车供气阀 / Pulling out the trailer air supply valve

连接行车气路快接头（glad hand） / Connecting the service line glad hand

拉出系统驻车制动 / Pulling out the system parking brake

答对了！解释：对接前检查五轮姿态：应当**朝向牵引车尾部下倾**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Check if fifth wheel is in proper position for coupling: The fifth wheel should be tilted down toward rear of tractor.

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对接时，五轮（fifth wheel）的正确姿态是 / When coupling, the proper position of the fifth wheel is

与地面保持水平。 / level with the ground.

向牵引车尾部方向下倾。 / tilted down toward the rear of the tractor.

向牵引车尾部方向上翘。 / tilted up toward the rear of the tractor.

正确！解释：应急（供气）管路有两项作用：向挂车储气筒供气，并控制组合车辆的紧急制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: The emergency line, also called the supply line, has two purposes. First, it supplies air to the trailer air tanks. Second, the emergency line controls the emergency brakes on combination vehicles.

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你通过下列哪种操作向挂车储气筒供气： / You supply air to the trailer tanks by

拉出挂车供气控制。 / pulling out the trailer air supply control.

连接行车气路手爪接头。 / connecting the service line glad hand.

按入挂车供气控制。 / pushing in the trailer air supply control.

正确！解释：一个常用规则：**40 mph 以下**，每 **10 英尺**车长至少留 **1 秒**；更高速度需再**多加 1 秒**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

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良好路况下，每当你的车长增加 ___ 英尺，就应与前车至少多留出一秒的时距。 / Under good driving conditions, you should leave at least one second of space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ___ feet of your vehicle's length.

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完全正确！解释：一旦发现车辆进入侧滑，应**松开刹车**，让车轮重新抓地。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Once you realize your vehicle is in a skid, you should release the brakes so that the wheels can grip the road again.

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要止住挂车侧滑（skid），你应该 / To stop a trailer skid, you should

反打方向。 / Counter steer.

松开制动。 / release the brakes.

使用挂车手控阀（手刹）。 / use the trailer hand brakes.

正确！解释：新车型上的挂车供气控制是**红色、八边形**旋钮，用来控制牵引车保护阀；按入向挂车供气，拉出切断气源并施加挂车紧急制动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The trailer air supply control on newer vehicles is a red eight-sided knob, which you use to control the tractor protection valve. You push it in to supply the trailer with air, and pull it out to shut the air off and put on the trailer emergency brakes.

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说明挂车供气控制（trailer air supply control）的作用。 / Describe what the trailer air supply control does.

它是一个让挂车保持在牵引车后方的装置。 / It is a device used to keep the trailer behind the tractor.

用于给挂车供气、切断气源，并施加挂车紧急制动。 / It is used to supply the trailer with air, shut the air off, and apply the trailer emergency brakes.

它是一个六边形黄色旋钮，用来控制牵引车保护阀。 / It is a six-sided yellow knob used to control the tractor protection valve.

正确！解释：挂车应略低于五轮，使牵引车倒入时能将其**轻微托起**。挂车太低可能顶伤鼻部，太高可能无法正确挂接。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The trailer should be low enough that it is raised slightly by the tractor when the tractor is backed under it. If the trailer is too low, the tractor may strike and damage the trailer nose; if the trailer is too high, it may not couple correctly.

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当你把牵引车倒到挂车下方时，应当预期： / When backing your tractor under a trailer, you should expect:

挂车支腿完全放下 / Trailer landing gear to be fully extended

牵引销端面与五轮顶面齐平 / End of the kingpin is even with the top of the fifth wheel

牵引车倒入车底时，挂车会被轻微托起 / Trailer will be lifted slightly when the tractor backs under it

正确！解释：组合车要检查的项目**更多**：不仅有整个挂接系统（牵引销、五轮等），还有各挂车的支腿，以及更多的车轴。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: There are more things to inspect on a combination vehicle than on a bus or straight truck. First, of course, there is the entire coupling system: the kingpin, the fifth wheel, etc. Next, there is the landing gear of each trailer. Not to mention a few more axels to check.

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与直卡或大巴相比，组合车辆需要检查的项目 / Compared with a straight truck or bus, there are _______ things to inspect in combination vehicles.

一样多 / the same number of

更少 / fewer

更多 / more

正确！解释：没有弹簧制动的挂车仅靠挂车气罐里的空气维持紧急制动；空气最终会**泄光**，届时将**没有制动**，因此必须用**轮挡**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Trailers that do not have spring brakes have emergency brakes, which work from the air stored in the trailer air tank. A major leak in the emergency line will cause the tractor protection valve to close and the trailer emergency brakes to come on, but the brakes will hold only if there is air pressure in the trailer air tank. Eventually, the air will leak away and then there will be no brakes. Therefore, it is very important for safety that you use wheel chocks when you park trailers without spring brakes.

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停放一台没有弹簧制动的挂车时应使用轮挡，因为 / You should use chocks when parking a trailer without spring brakes because

一旦供气泄光，就**没有刹车**了。 / if the air supply leaks away, there will be no brakes.

不想让挂车溜下坡。 / you don't want the trailer rolling down a hill.

有的州法律要求给挂车车轮垫块。 / some states require chocking of trailer wheels.

完全正确！解释：当**驱动轮**被锁死时抓地力更差，后轴会横向滑移来“追上”前轮；带挂车时，挂车会**把牵引车侧推**，形成突然的折刀。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Rear wheel braking skids occur when the rear drive wheels lock. Because locked wheels have less traction than rolling wheels, the rear wheels usually slide sideways to "catch up" with the front wheels. With vehicles towing trailers, a drive-wheel skid can let the trailer push the towing vehicle sideways, causing a sudden jackknife.

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什么是“牵引车折刀（tractor jackknife）”？ / What is a tractor jackknife?

以上都不是 / Neither of the above

锁死牵引车驱动轮，挂车继续向前推，牵引车横向甩出。 / When you lock up the drive tires on the tractor and the tractor spins out sideways as the trailer continues to push forward

锁死挂车驱动轮，挂车横向甩出而牵引车继续推着向前。 / When you lock up the drive tires on the trailer and the trailer spins out sideways as the tractor continues to push forward

正确！解释：行车气路也称**控制线（control line）**或**信号线（signal line）**，由脚刹或挂车手控阀控制气流。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The service line, also called the control line or signal line, carries air controlled by the foot brake or the trailer hand brake.

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行车气路（service air line）的别称是： / What are the other names for the service air line?

弯线与信号线。 / Curved line and signal line

直线与控制线。 / Straight line and control line

控制线与信号线。 / Control line and signal line

正确！解释：先检查手爪密封，并把牵引车的**应急与行车**两根气管接到挂车对应的手爪接头上；并确保气管悬挂妥当，不会在倒入时被挤压或钩住。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Check glad hand seals and connect tractor emergency and service air-line to trailer emergency and service glad hand. Make sure air-lines are safely supported where they won't be crushed or caught while tractor is backing under the trailer.

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你在把牵引车与半挂车对接，已倒到但还没进入挂车底下。倒入之前应先接好什么？ / You are coupling a tractor to a semi-trailer and have backed up but are not under it. What should you hook up before backing under?

应急与行车两根气管 / The emergency and service air lines

电源服务电缆 / The electrical service cable

不用接，直接倒进去锁住五轮即可 / Nothing; back up and lock the fifth wheel

正确！解释：牵引车保护阀关闭时会阻止牵引车空气外泄，并放空挂车应急管路，使挂车**紧急制动**介入。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When the tractor protection valve closes, it stops any air from going out of the tractor. It also lets the air out of the trailer emergency line. This causes the trailer emergency brakes to come on

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当制动管路发生重大泄漏时，牵引车保护阀会关闭，挂车的 _______ 制动会介入。 / The tractor protection valve will close and the trailer _______ brakes will come on when there is a major leak in the brake line.

行车 / service

驻车 / parking

紧急 / emergency

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