组合车辆测试 – 卡友助手

组合车辆测试

题库共有99题，每次随机刷新20题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

正确！解释：铁路道口对**低离地间隙**挂车更不友好，切勿冒险被卡住。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Railroad tracks can also cause problems, particularly when pulling trailers with a low underneath clearance. Don't take a chance on getting hung up halfway across.

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底盘离地间隙较低的车辆在铁路道口更危险，因为 / Low underneath clearance vehicles can be risky at railroad crossings because

更容易在不平路面发生折刀。 / they are more likely to jackknife on the uneven ground.

可能需要更长的制动距离。 / they may take longer to stop.

更容易被抬高的道口卡住。 / they are more likely to get stuck on raised railroad crossings.

答对了！解释：等气压恢复正常后**熄火**以便听清；反复施加并释放挂车制动，应该能听到制动动作与泄气的声音。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Wait until the air pressure is normal, then shut engine off so you can hear the brakes. Check brake system for crossed air-lines by: applying and releasing trailer brakes and listen for sound of trailer brakes being applied and released. You should hear the brakes move when applied and air escape when the brakes are released.

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向挂车供气后，要确认气管未接反且挂车制动工作正常。可以通过以下方式完成： / After you supply air to the trailer, make sure the airlines are not crossed and the trailer brakes are working. This can be done by:

在驾驶室里拉起驻车制动。 / Turning on the parking brakes from the cab

抬起制动踏板。 / Lifting the brake pedal

施加并释放挂车制动，并**听**到制动作动声。 / Applying and releasing the trailer brakes and listening for brake sounds

完全正确！解释：在空气系统充满时，熄火、释放驻车制动并记录气压下降速度。组合车在 1 分钟内的压降应小于 3 psi；若踩住脚刹，则允许值再增加约 1 psi（即约 4 psi）。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake; and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than three psi in one minute for combination vehicles, adding one second if the brakes are applied.

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组合车辆在（发动机熄火、踩住刹车）的情况下，空气泄漏率每分钟不应超过 ____ PSI。 / The air leakage rate for a combination vehicle (engine off, brakes on) should not be more than ____ PSI per minute.

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正确！解释：挂车手控阀（又称 trolley valve 或 Johnson bar）只用于**测试**挂车制动。切勿用它停车，否则空气可能泄漏，导致制动解除。 / Right! EXPLANATION: The trailer hand valve, also called the trolley valve or Johnson bar, works the trailer brakes. The trailer hand valve should be used only to test the trailer brakes. Never use the hand valve for parking because all the air might leak out unlocking the brakes.

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何时应该使用手控阀（挂车手柄阀）来停放组合车辆？ / When should you use the hand valve to park a combination vehicle?

用于在装货码头停车 / To park at loading docks

用于在坡道上停车 / To park on a grade

从不 / Never

正确！解释：带挂车的卡车具有危险的**后向放大**效应（鞭甩效应）。快速变道时，尾挂的摆动会被放大，导致挂车翻车。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Trucks with trailers have a dangerous crack-the-whip effect caused by rearward amplification. When you make a quick lane change, the crack-the-whip effect can turn the trailer over. There are many accidents where only the trailer has overturned.

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以下哪一项最能说明“鞭甩效应（crack‑the‑whip）”？ / Which statement best illustrates the "crack-the-whip" effect?

快速变道或突然打方向时，牵引车左右摇摆，最后一节挂车的速度迫使牵引车先翻。 / When making a quick lane change or sudden movement of the steering wheel, the tractor tends to rock and sway. The velocity of the rearmost trailer forces the tractor to roll over before the trailer.

挂车半满且货物在前部，突然打方向时，货物会猛烈滑向后部，迫使挂车翻车。 / The trailer is half full, and the cargo is loaded in the front of the trailer. When making a sudden movement of the steering wheel, the cargo will tend to forcefully slide to the back of the trailer, forcing the trailer to roll over.

快速变道或突然打方向时，最后一节挂车会向外甩，其力量被放大，导致它翻车。 / When making a quick lane change or sudden movement of the steering wheel, the rear trailer tends to swing out. The force of the rear trailer becomes amplified, causing it to roll over.

完全正确！解释：虽然车越重刹车做功越大，但重车的**轮胎、弹簧、减振器**在**满载**时工作最佳；空车抓地差，反而更难刹住。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The heavier the vehicle, the more work the brakes must do to stop it, and the more heat they absorb. But the brakes, tires, springs, and shock absorbers on heavy vehicles are designed to work best when the vehicle is fully loaded. Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because an empty vehicle has less traction.

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哪种状态的牵引车+挂车需要的制动距离最短？ / A tractor with a(n) _______ trailer requires the shortest amount of stopping distance.

空载 / empty

满载 / fully loaded

轻载 / lightly loaded

正确！解释：确保气管与电缆**不缠绕、不被夹、不拖地**，并**留足转弯余量**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled, pinched, dragging against tractor parts, and have enough slack for turns.

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牵引车与挂车之间的空气管路和电缆应当 / Air and electrical lines from the tractor to the trailer should be

固定妥当但要留足转弯余量。 / secured but with enough slack for turns.

搁在牵引车车架上。 / resting on the frame of the tractor.

拉得很紧、几乎没有余量。 / pulled tight with very little slack.

答对了！解释：如果没有“死端”假接头，可把两只手爪接头互锁在一起。关键是保持空气**清洁并无湿气**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: If there are no dummy couplers, the glad hands can sometimes be locked together. It is very important to keep the air supply clean and free of moisture.

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为什么在不拖挂挂车时，要把牵引车的手爪接头（glad hands）互锁，或锁在储存支架上？ / Why should you lock the tractor glad hands to each other or to the storage bracket when you are not towing a trailer?

否则系统将永远建立不起气压 / If you did not, you could never build system pressure

可以防止灰尘和水进入气管 / It will keep dirt and water out of the lines

这样连接的制动回路可以当作备用气罐 / The connected brake circuit becomes a backup air tank

正确！解释：拉出空气供给旋钮，或把牵引车保护阀从“normal”拨到“emergency”，以**锁住挂车制动**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Pull out the air supply knob or move the tractor protection valve control from normal to emergency.

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倒入挂车底下之前，务必先确认： / Before you back under a trailer, make sure the:

空气制动已释放 / Air brakes are off

牵引车保护阀在“正常”位置 / Tractor protection valve is normal

挂车制动已锁定 / Trailer brakes are locked

答对了！解释：货物越多，**重心**越高，车辆越容易侧翻。满载车在事故中侧翻的概率大约是空车的**10 倍**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: When more cargo is piled up in a truck, the "center of gravity" moves higher up from the road. The truck becomes easier to turn over. Fully loaded rigs are ten times more likely to roll over in a crash than empty rigs.

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卡车在满载时更容易侧翻，并且 / Trucks roll over more easily when fully loaded and are

发生事故时侧翻的几率是空车的十倍。 / ten times more likely to roll over in a crash than empty rigs.

发生事故时侧翻的几率是空车的五倍。 / five times more likely to roll over in a crash than empty rigs.

发生事故时侧翻的几率是空车的两倍。 / two times more likely to roll over in a crash than empty rigs.

完全正确！解释：有些车型不易辨认。查看车底是否有电子控制单元（ECU）与从制动器后部引出的车轮速度传感器线。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: It may be difficult to tell if some units are equipped with ABS. Look under the vehicle for the electronic control unit (ECU) and wheel speed sensor wires coming from the back of the brakes.

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在强制安装 ABS 之前，某些车辆早已配备。如何检查你的车辆是否装有 ABS？ / Even before antilock braking systems (ABS) were required, some vehicles already had them. How can you check if your vehicle has ABS?

观察车底，寻找从制动器后部引出的 ECU 与车轮速度传感器线。 / Look under the vehicle for the ECU and wheel speed sensor wires coming from the back of the brakes.

在湿滑路面刹车，看车轮是否抱死。 / Brake the vehicle on a slippery road and see if the wheels lock.

观察车底寻找 ABS 测试灯。 / Look under the vehicle for the ABS test light.

答对了！解释：反复踩放踏板使气压下降到 **20–45 psi**，这会使**弹簧制动介入**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: – 45 psi. This will cause the spring brakes to come on.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，给挂车制动系统充气、熄火，然后 / To test the tractor protection valve, charge the trailer air brake system, turn off the engine, and

快速多次闪烁远光灯。 / flash your high-beam headlights on and off several times.

持续用力踩住刹车踏板。 / keep pressing the brake pedal firmly.

反复踩放刹车踏板数次。 / step on and off the brake pedal several times.

正确！解释：没有弹簧制动的挂车仅靠挂车气罐里的空气维持紧急制动；空气最终会**泄光**，届时将**没有制动**，因此必须用**轮挡**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Trailers that do not have spring brakes have emergency brakes, which work from the air stored in the trailer air tank. A major leak in the emergency line will cause the tractor protection valve to close and the trailer emergency brakes to come on, but the brakes will hold only if there is air pressure in the trailer air tank. Eventually, the air will leak away and then there will be no brakes. Therefore, it is very important for safety that you use wheel chocks when you park trailers without spring brakes.

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停放一台没有弹簧制动的挂车时应使用轮挡，因为 / You should use chocks when parking a trailer without spring brakes because

不想让挂车溜下坡。 / you don't want the trailer rolling down a hill.

一旦供气泄光，就**没有刹车**了。 / if the air supply leaks away, there will be no brakes.

有的州法律要求给挂车车轮垫块。 / some states require chocking of trailer wheels.

正确！解释：挂车手控阀（又称 trolley valve 或 Johnson bar）只用于**测试**挂车制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: The trailer hand valve, also called the trolley valve or Johnson bar, works the trailer brakes. The trailer hand valve should be used only to test the trailer brakes.

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手控阀（挂车手柄阀）应在什么时候使用： / The hand valve should be used:

用于测试挂车制动 / To test the trailer brakes

只在挂车满载时使用 / Only when the trailer is fully loaded

只和脚踏制动一起配合时使用 / Only with the foot brake

正确！解释：检查锁紧杆是否处于锁定位置；若不能锁定，则挂接尚未完成。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Check that the locking lever is in the lock position. If the locking lever does not go into the locked position the coupling is not complete.

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若五轮锁紧杆在钳口已抱住牵引销后仍未锁定，这意味着： / The fifth wheel locking lever is not locked after the jaws close around the kingpin; this means:

你可以把五轮调到更有利的载荷分配位置 / You can set the fifth wheel for weight balance

驻车锁未启用，你可以直接开走 / The parking lock is off, and you may drive away

挂接不正确，必须修复后才能驾驶该车组 / The coupling is not right and should be fixed before driving the coupled unit

对！解释：连接手爪接头时，让两只接头相对成**90°**，并压紧密封圈。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When connecting the glad hands, press the two seals together with the couplers at a 90-degree angle to each other.

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连接手爪接头（glad hands）时应以多少角度对接？ / At what angle do you hold your airline glad hands when connecting them?

180 度 / 180 degrees

90 度 / 90 degrees

45 度 / 45 degrees

正确！解释：组合车要检查的项目**更多**：不仅有整个挂接系统（牵引销、五轮等），还有各挂车的支腿，以及更多的车轴。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: There are more things to inspect on a combination vehicle than on a bus or straight truck. First, of course, there is the entire coupling system: the kingpin, the fifth wheel, etc. Next, there is the landing gear of each trailer. Not to mention a few more axels to check.

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与直卡或大巴相比，组合车辆需要检查的项目 / Compared with a straight truck or bus, there are _______ things to inspect in combination vehicles.

一样多 / the same number of

更少 / fewer

更多 / more

正确！解释：测试挂车弹簧制动：行车踏板释放，驻车释放，**拉出**挂车供气（关闭挂车气路），手控阀释放。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: To test the trailer spring brakes, you need to have the service brake off or released, parking brake off, trailer air supply out shutting the door to the trailer, and trolley released.

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仅测试挂车弹簧/驻车制动时，各气阀应处于何种状态？ / Which answer is correct for the air valves when testing the trailer spring/ parking brakes only?

以上都不对 / No answers are correct

行车制动：释放；驻车制动：释放；挂车供气：拉出；手控阀：施加 / Service Brake: off; Parking Brake: off; Trailer air supply: out; Trolley: applied

行车制动：释放；驻车制动：释放；挂车供气：拉出；手控阀：释放 / Service Brake: off; Parking Brake: off; Trailer air supply: out; Trolley: released

open; Trolley: released / 行车制动：释放；驻车制动：释放；挂车供气：按入/开启；手控阀：释放 / Service Brake: off; Parking Brake: off; Trailer air supply: in

完全正确！解释：glad hands 是用于连接牵引车与挂车**行车/应急**空气管路的接头。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Glad hands are coupling devices used to connect the service and emergency air-lines from the truck or tractor to the trailer.

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作为车辆检查的一部分（车辆带空气制动并有挂车），你要检查牵引车与挂车之间的空气连接。确保 ________ 已锁止且无损坏或漏气。 / As part of your vehicle inspection test, if your vehicle is equipped with air brakes and has a trailer, you will inspect the air connections between the truck or tractor and the trailer. Make sure that the ________ are locked in place and free of damage or air leaks.

快接头（glad hands） / glad hands

轮毂螺母（lug nuts） / lug nuts

销（pins） / pins

完全正确！解释：上、下五轮之间**不应有间隙**；若有缝隙，可能是牵引销压在闭合的锁爪上，挂车很容易脱落。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Make sure there is no space between upper and lower fifth wheel. If there is space, something is wrong, the kingpin may be on top of the closed fifth wheel jaws, and trailer would come loose very easily.

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完成挂接后，挂车承盘（apron）与五轮之间应有多少间隙？ / How much space should be between the apron and fifth wheel after coupling?

有一条能透光的缝即可。 / Just enough to see light through it

至少 1/2 英寸。 / At lease 1/2 inch

不应有缝隙。 / None

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