气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：当主气压丢失时，弹簧制动会自动介入。有些车辆配有独立的储气筒，可用来释放弹簧制动，以便在紧急情况下把车辆挪动一小段距离。 / EXPLANATION: When main air pressure is lost, the spring brakes come on. Some vehicles have a separate air tank which can be used to release the spring brakes. This is so you can move the vehicle in an emergency.

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如果你的卡车或客车配有双驻车控制阀，这意味着你可以利用来自独立储气筒的气压来： / If your truck or bus has dual parking control valves it means that you can use pressure from a separate tank to:

当主储气筒气压偏低时提供额外制动力。 / Apply more brake pressure if the main tank is getting low.

在不消耗行车制动气压的情况下保持驻车。 / Stay parked without using up service air pressure.

释放弹簧制动以便短距离移动。 / Release the spring brakes to move a short distance.

解释：在气压充满后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放行车制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 2 psi；在踩住制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 3 psi。 / Right! EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicle brakes released, and three with the brakes applied.

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在发动机关闭、释放制动的情况下，直卡或巴士空气制动系统的泄漏率每分钟不应超过____ psi。 / A straight truck or bus air brake system should not leak at a rate of more than ____ psi per minute with the engine off and the brakes released.

1 / 1

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解释：所有卡车、牵引车和客车都必须配备紧急制动和驻车制动。由于气压可能会泄漏，制动必须由机械力保持；通常使用弹簧制动来实现。 / EXPLANATION: All trucks, truck tractors, and buses must be equipped with emergency brakes and parking brakes. They must be held on by mechanical force because air pressure can eventually leak away. Spring brakes are usually used to meet these needs.

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在卡车、牵引车或客车上，哪种力可以依法保持驻车或紧急制动处于制动位置？ / What can legally hold a parking or emergency brake in position for a truck, truck tractor or bus?

气压 / Air pressure

弹簧力 / Spring pressure

液压 / Fluid pressure

解释：检查 S 形凸轮制动的行程调节器时，应在平地停车、垫轮挡并**释放驻车制动**。 / EXPLANATION: To check slack adjusters on S-cam Brakes. Park on level ground and chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving and release the parking brake.

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检查 S 形凸轮鼓式制动的行程调节器，首先应当 / To check the slack adjusters on S-cam drum brakes, you should first

在平坦地面停车并排尽气压。 / park on level ground and drain off the air pressure.

在平坦地面停车、垫好轮挡，并释放驻车制动。 / park on level ground, chock the wheels, and release the parking brakes.

在平坦地面停车并拉起驻车制动。 / stop on level ground and apply the parking brakes.

解释：安全泄压阀装在压缩机首先充气的储气筒上，通常设定在 **150 psi** 打开，用以保护储气筒及系统免受过压；若阀门泄气，说明系统有故障，应检修。 / EXPLANATION: A safety relief valve is installed in the first tank the air compressor pumps air to. The safety valve protects the tank and the rest of the system from too much pressure. The valve is usually set to open at 150 psi. If the safety valve releases air, something is wrong. Have the fault fixed by a mechanic.

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安全泄压阀会在 _____ psi 打开？ / The safety release valve will blow at _____ psi?

150

120

160

解释：每次停车都应使用驻车制动：拉出控制旋钮施加，按下释放。 / EXPLANATION: Any time you park use the parking brakes. Pull the parking brake control knob out to apply the parking brakes, push it in to release.

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空气制动车辆的驻车制动应在何时使用： / In air brake vehicles, the parking brakes should be used:

每次停车时。 / Whenever the vehicle is parked.

下坡时用来控制车速。 / To hold your speed when going downhill.

仅在出车前/收车后检查时。 / Only during pre and post trip inspections.

解释：行驶中强力弹簧被气压顶住不介入；一旦气压消失，弹簧就会施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: When driving, powerful springs are held back by air pressure. If the air pressure is removed, the springs put on the brakes.

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正常行驶时，是什么力量将弹簧制动“顶住”而不介入？ / During normal driving, spring brakes are usually held back by:

气压 / Air pressure

离心力 / Centrifugal force

弹簧力 / Spring pressure

解释：空气制动存在额外的延迟，即“制动迟滞”。这是从踩下踏板到制动器真正起作用所需的时间。液压制动几乎即时生效，而空气制动需要空气在管路中流动到各制动器，通常约半秒或更久。 / EXPLANATION: With air brakes there is an added delay or Brake Lag. This is the time required for the brakes to work after the brake pedal is pushed. With hydraulic brake, the brakes work instantly. With air brakes it takes a little time, one half second or more, for the air to flow through the lines to the brakes.

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下列哪一项使空气制动的总制动距离比液压制动更长？ / Which of the following makes the total stopping distance for air brakes longer than that for hydraulic brakes?

反应距离。 / Reaction distance.

制动迟滞距离。 / Brake lag distance.

知觉距离。 / Perception distance.

解释：踩踏越重，施加到制动器的气压越大；松开踏板则减压并释放制动。 / EXPLANATION: You put on the brakes by pushing down the brake pedal. Pushing the pedal down harder applies more air pressure. Letting up on the brake pedal reduces the air pressure and releases the brakes.

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空气制动系统中的制动踏板： / The brake pedal in an air brake system:

正常行驶时可当脚踏休息。 / Is to be used as a footrest during normal driving.

控制施加到制动器上的气压。 / Controls the air pressure applied to the brakes.

控制空气压缩机转速。 / Controls the speed of the air compressor.

解释：警报失灵时，气压丢失你可能毫无察觉：在单回路系统中可能触发突然的紧急制动；在双回路系统中则制动距离会变长，弹簧制动很快介入，能用的制动十分有限。 / EXPLANATION: If the warning signal doesn't work, you could lose air pressure and you would not know it. This could cause sudden emergency braking in a single-circuit air system. In dual systems the stopping distance will be increased. Only limited braking can be done before the spring brakes come on.

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如果低气压警报失灵， / If the low air pressure warning signal is not working,

在单回路空气制动系统中可能导致突然的紧急制动。 / it may lead to sudden emergency braking in a single-circuit air system.

你也许会失压，但至少还能知道。 / you may lose air pressure, but at least you'll know about it anyway.

以上都不会发生。 / neither of the above will happen.

解释：即便警报来自**副**系统，也必须在安全地点停车并修复后再行驶；在低气压警报亮起的情况下继续行驶不安全。 / EXPLANATION: Even if the low-pressure alarm is for the secondary system you need to stop at a safe location, park, and get the issue fixed. It is unsafe for the vehicle to remain in motion with a low air alarm.

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你的车辆为双回路空气制动，如果副系统出现低气压警报，你应该？ / Your vehicle has a dual air brake system, if a low air pressure warning comes on for the secondary system, you should?

降低车速并在行驶中测试剩余系统。 / Reduce your speed and test the remaining system while underway.

停车、在安全地点靠边，修好后再继续。 / Stop, safely park, and continue only when the system is fixed.

降速行驶到最近的修理厂再修理。 / Reduce your speed and drive to the nearest garage for repairs.

解释：紧急制动并不是把踏板一脚踩死。那只会让车轮持续抱死并导致侧滑；一旦打滑，你就无法控制车辆。 / EXPLANATION: Emergency braking does not mean pushing down on the brake pedal as hard as you can. That will only keep the wheels locked up and cause a skid. If the wheels are skidding, you cannot control the vehicle.

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关于猛烈制动（hard braking），最重要的是： / Which of the following is the most important thing about hard braking?

断开转向轴制动以便紧急制动时保持直线。 / Disconnecting the steering axle brakes will help keep your vehicle in a straight-line during emergency braking.

不要让车轮长时间处于抱死状态。 / Don't lock the wheels for longer than an instant.

不先降档绝不能紧急制动。 / Never do it without downshifting first.

解释：紧急制动系统会使用行车制动与驻车制动系统的部分部件，在常规系统失效时使车辆停车。 / EXPLANATION: The emergency brake system uses parts of the service and parking brake systems to stop the vehicle in a brake system failure.

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制动系统失效时，紧急制动系统使用 __________ 来使车辆停车。 / In the event of a brake system failure, the emergency brake system uses __________ to stop the vehicle.

仅使用驻车制动 / only the parking brakes

仅使用行车制动 / only the service brakes

使用行车制动与驻车制动的部分部件 / parts of the service brakes and parking brakes

解释：ABS 是一套计算机控制系统，可在重度制动时防止车轮抱死。 / EXPLANATION: ABS is a computerized system that keeps your wheels from locking up during hard brake applications.

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防抱死制动系统（ABS） / An antilock braking system (ABS)

会缩短你的制动距离。 / shortens your stopping distance.

会提高你的常规制动能力。 / increases your normal braking capability.

会降低你的常规制动能力。 / decreases your normal braking capability.

在车轮将要抱死时启动。 / activates when your wheels are about to lock up.

解释：在气压充满（通常约 125 psi）后，熄火，按下驻车制动阀以释放驻车制动，然后计时并观察气压下降速度。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system (typically 125 psi), turn off the engine, release the parking brake (push in); and time the air pressure drop.

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测试静态漏气率时，你应当： / To test the static air leakage rate, you should

保持发动机运转并释放驻车制动。 / leave the engine running and release the parking brake.

熄火、释放驻车制动，并让系统稳定下来。 / turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and let the system settle.

给系统充气并保持发动机运转。 / charge the air system and leave the engine running.

解释：有些空气制动系统会用酒精蒸发器向系统中加入酒精，以减少寒冷天气下阀门及其他部件结冰的风险。但仍需每天放掉储气筒中的水和油。 / EXPLANATION: Some air brake systems have an alcohol evaporator to put alcohol into the air system. This helps to reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves and other parts during cold weather. Daily air tank drainage is still needed to get rid of water and oil.

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如果车辆配有酒精蒸发器（alcohol evaporator），其作用是： / If your vehicle has an alcohol evaporator, it is there to:

在寒冷天气降低空气制动阀结冰的风险。 / Reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves in cold weather.

清除湿罐底部积存的酒精。 / Rid the wet tank of alcohol that condenses and sits at the bottom.

让你不必每天放水。 / Eliminate the need for daily tank draining.

解释：驻车/紧急制动需要靠机械力保持，因为气压最终会泄漏；通常使用弹簧制动实现。行驶时，强力弹簧由气压“顶住”，因此不会介入。 / EXPLANATION: Parking or emergency brakes must be held on by mechanical force because air pressure can eventually leak away. Spring brakes are usually used to meet these needs. When driving, powerful springs are held back by air pressure.

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在正常行驶中，弹簧制动通常由什么力量“顶住”而不介入： / During normal driving, spring brakes are usually held back by

弹簧。 / springs.

气压。 / air pressure.

螺栓与支架。 / bolts and braces.

解释：陡坡下行应使用“缓压/点刹（snub）”法：施加足够的制动让车速明显下降；当速度降至比“安全速度”低约 5 mph 时松开刹车；当车速回到“安全速度”时重复。 / EXPLANATION: Snub braking method is used for steep downhill grades, in this method apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your "safe" speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your "safe" speed, repeat.

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下长而陡的坡时，你应该： / When driving down a long steep hill you should:

当车速低于“安全速度”5 mph 时松开制动。 / Release the brake when you are 5 mph below your "safe" speed.

使用点踩（stab）制动法。 / Use stab braking.

当车速高于安全速度 10 mph 时开始制动。 / Begin braking when you are 10 mph above your safe speed.

解释：在气压充满（通常约 125 psi）后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放/施加行车制动时，每分钟压降应分别小于 2 psi / 3 psi；组合车辆分别小于 3 psi / 4 psi。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system typically 125 psi, turn off the engine, release the parking brake; and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicles brakes released and three with the brakes applied, and less than three psi in one minute for combination vehicles with the brakes released and four with the brakes applied.

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在初始压降之后，每分钟允许的最大漏气率为： / After the initial drop, the maximum acceptable leakage rates per minute are

单一车辆 1 psi，组合车辆 3 psi。 / 1 psi for single vehicles and 3 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 5 psi，组合车辆 6 psi。 / 5 psi for single vehicles and 6 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 3 psi，组合车辆 4 psi。 / 3 psi for single vehicles and 4 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 5 psi，组合车辆 10 psi。 / 5 psi for single vehicles and 10 psi for combination vehicles.

解释：空气制动存在额外的**制动迟滞**（Brake Lag）：从踩下踏板到制动器真正起作用需要一定时间，因为空气要在管路中**流动**。 / EXPLANATION: With air brakes there is an added delay called Brake Lag. This is the time required for the brakes to work after the brake pedal is pushed.

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空气制动比液压制动反应更慢，因为空气制动： / Air braking takes more time than hydraulic braking because air brakes:

需要更强的回位弹簧。 / Require heavier return springs.

需要空气在管路中流动才能起作用。 / Need to have airflow through the lines to work.

采用不同的制动鼓。 / Use different brake drums.

解释：过度使用制动、未利用发动机制动会产生高温，从而引起制动衰退或失效。 / EXPLANATION: Brakes can fade or fail from excessive heat caused by using them too much and not relying on the engine braking effect.

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过度使用行车制动产生的过量热量会导致： / Excessive heat caused by overuse of the service brakes can cause

制动衰退。 / the brakes to fade.

调制控制阀磨损。 / the modulating control valve to wear out.

制动衬片开裂。 / the brake linings to split.

解释：不应该为了让车身保持笔直而“开更快”。驾驶带 ABS 的车辆时：只用足以安全停车并保持可控的制动力；无论 ABS 在客车、牵引车、挂车或两者都有，制动方法都一样；减速时关注牵引车与挂车状态，安全时可稍松刹车保持可控。 / EXPLANATION: You should not drive faster to keep the tractor and trailer straight. When you drive a vehicle with ABS, you should brake as you always have. In other words: use only the braking force necessary to stop safely and stay in control; brake the same way regardless of whether you have ABS on the bus, tractor, the trailer, or both; as you slow down monitor your tractor and trailer and back off the brakes if it is safe to do so to stay in control.

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驾驶带 ABS 的牵引车-挂车组合时，以下哪一项**不**属于正确的制动做法？ / Which of the following is not part of the braking process when you're driving a tractor-trailer combination vehicle with an antilock braking system (ABS)?

加速更快以保持牵引车与挂车成一直线。 / You should drive faster so that you will be able to keep the trailer and tractor straight.

减速时注意牵引车和挂车的状态，必要时稍松刹车以保持可控。 / When you slow down, you should monitor your tractor and trailer and ease off the brakes to keep control.

仅使用为安全可控所必需的制动力。 / You should use only the braking necessary to stay safely in control.

无论开哪种车都以同样方式制动：有 ABS 的车、有挂车的车或其他任何车辆。 / Brake the same way no matter what you're driving: a vehicle with ABS, a vehicle with a trailer, or something else.

解释：一旦低气压警报灯/蜂鸣器响起，应立即把车辆安全地停住，此时你仍能控制刹车。 / EXPLANATION: When the low air pressure warning light and buzzer first come on, bring the vehicle to a safe stop right away, while you can still control the brakes.

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以下选项中，低气压警报一亮起首先要做的是： / Of the choices below, the first thing to do when a low air pressure warning comes on is:

升档。 / Up shift.

尽快安全停车并靠边。 / Stop and safely park as soon as possible.

调整踏板行程让踏板更深。 / Adjust the brake pedal for more travel.

解释：每次松刹车都会有一部分压缩空气从系统流出，需由压缩机补充。若你不断踩放踏板，空气流失速度可能快于补气速度，气压会降到刹车无法工作的程度。 / EXPLANATION: Each time you release the brakes, some compressed air leaves the system and must be replenished by the air compressor. If you keep pressing and releasing the brake pedal, air may leave the system faster than the air compressor can replenish it, and the air pressure may drop to the point that the brakes won't work.

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反复快速踩放（扇形踩踏，fanning）制动踏板可能导致 / Repeatedly pressing and releasing (fanning) the brake pedal may result in

气压不会改变。 / no change in brake air pressure.

制动系统气压损失。 / a loss of brake air pressure.

制动系统气压上升。 / a buildup of brake air pressure.

解释：无论是牵引车-挂车还是单一车辆，测试弹簧制动自动介入的方法与测试低气压报警类似：反复踩放制动踏板，这次要降到更低的气压，直到驻车制动阀关闭或弹出。 / EXPLANATION: On both tractor-trailers and single vehicles, to test whether the spring brakes will come on automatically, use the same method you use for testing the low air pressure warning signal: Step on and off the brake pedal, this time until you reach an even lower psi reading and the parking brake valve closes or pops out.

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测试车辆的弹簧制动是否会自动介入的最佳方法是什么？ / What is the best way to test if your vehicle's spring brakes come on automatically?

在单一车辆上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On single vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

在牵引车-挂车上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On tractor-trailer vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

以上说法都正确。 / All of the above are correct.

反复踩放制动踏板，直到达到制造商规定的低气压值，此时弹簧制动应介入。 / Continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the manufacturer's low psi specification is met for spring brakes to deploy.

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