气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：牵引车和直卡的弹簧制动会在气压降至 20–45 psi（通常 20–30 psi）时完全介入。 / EXPLANATION: Tractor and straight truck spring brakes will come fully on when air pressure drops to a range of 20 to 45 psi (typically 20 to 30 psi).

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牵引车和直卡的弹簧制动会在气压降至下列范围时完全介入： / Tractor and straight truck spring brakes will come fully on when the air pressure drops to a range of

10 到 15 psi / 10 to 15 psi.

20 到 45 psi / 20 to 45 psi.

60 到 80 psi / 60 to 80 psi.

解释：当主气压丢失时，弹簧制动会自动介入。有些车辆配有独立的储气筒，可用来释放弹簧制动，以便在紧急情况下把车辆挪动一小段距离。 / EXPLANATION: When main air pressure is lost, the spring brakes come on. Some vehicles have a separate air tank which can be used to release the spring brakes. This is so you can move the vehicle in an emergency.

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如果你的卡车或客车配有双驻车控制阀，这意味着你可以利用来自独立储气筒的气压来： / If your truck or bus has dual parking control valves it means that you can use pressure from a separate tank to:

当主储气筒气压偏低时提供额外制动力。 / Apply more brake pressure if the main tank is getting low.

在不消耗行车制动气压的情况下保持驻车。 / Stay parked without using up service air pressure.

释放弹簧制动以便短距离移动。 / Release the spring brakes to move a short distance.

解释：要让车辆停下，制动蹄/衬片会被压向制动鼓内侧，通过摩擦来减速。 / EXPLANATION: To stop, the brake shoes and linings are pushed against the inside of the drum. This causes friction, which slows the vehicle.

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要使制动处于施加状态，制动衬片应当_____？ / The brake pads should be _____ for the brakes to be on?

磨损到 1/32 英寸。 / Worn 1/32 of an inch.

贴紧制动鼓。 / Against the drum.

磨损到危险的薄度。 / Worn dangerously thin.

与行程调节器断开连接。 / Disconnected from the slack adjusters.

解释：空气制动实际上包含三套系统：行车制动、驻车制动与紧急制动；无线电通信系统不属于空气制动系统。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

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下列哪一项不属于空气制动系统？ / Which of the following is NOT part of the air brake system?

无线电通信系统 / Radio signal system

行车制动系统 / Service brake system

紧急制动系统 / Emergency brake system

驻车制动系统 / Parking brake system

解释：低气压警报亮起，应尽快安全停车并靠边。 / EXPLANATION: If the low air pressure warning comes on, stop and safely park your vehicle as soon as possible.

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若低气压警报亮起，你首先应该做什么？ / What is the first thing you should do if the low air pressure warning comes on?

升挡。 / Upshift.

停车。 / Stop.

降挡。 / Downshift.

解释：空气制动实际上是三套系统：行车、驻车与紧急制动。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

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现代空气制动由三套系统组成：行车制动、驻车制动，以及 _______ 制动。 / Modern air brake systems are three different systems combined: the service brakes, parking brakes, and _______ brakes.

脚踏 / foot

紧急 / emergency

S 形凸轮 / S-cam

解释：如果车辆没有自动放水装置，应在每个工作日结束时排空储气筒中的水分和油，否则可能导致制动失效。 / EXPLANATION: If your vehicle does not have automatic air tank drains, drain your air tanks at the end of each working day to remove moisture and oil. Otherwise, the brakes could fail.

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压缩空气储气筒内通常会积聚油和水。如果没有自动放水装置，应该在什么时候放掉储气筒里的水？ / Oil and water usually collect in compressed air tanks. If you do not have an automatic tank drain, when should you drain the air tanks?

每运行四小时后。 / After every four hours of service.

每周一次。 / Once a week.

每个工作日结束后。 / After every working day.

解释：在发动机工作转速下，双回路系统中的气压应在约 45 秒内由 85 上升到 100 psi。若储气筒大于最小规格，上升时间可能更长且仍属安全。 / EXPLANATION: When the engine is at operating rpms, the pressure should build from 85 to 100 psi within 45 seconds in dual air systems. If the vehicle has larger than minimum air tanks, the buildup time can be longer and still be safe.

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若车辆的双回路空气制动系统工作正常且采用最小容量的储气筒，气压应在____秒内由 85 psi 升至 100 psi。 / If your vehicle has a properly functioning dual air brake system and minimum-sized air tanks, the air pressure should build from 85 to 100 psi within ____ seconds.

45 秒 / 45

20 秒 / 20

60 秒 / 60

解释：检查 S 形凸轮制动的行程调节器时，应在平地停车、垫轮挡并**释放驻车制动**。 / EXPLANATION: To check slack adjusters on S-cam Brakes. Park on level ground and chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving and release the parking brake.

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检查 S 形凸轮鼓式制动的行程调节器，首先应当 / To check the slack adjusters on S-cam drum brakes, you should first

在平坦地面停车并排尽气压。 / park on level ground and drain off the air pressure.

在平坦地面停车并拉起驻车制动。 / stop on level ground and apply the parking brakes.

在平坦地面停车、垫好轮挡，并释放驻车制动。 / park on level ground, chock the wheels, and release the parking brakes.

解释：在气压充满（通常约 125 psi）后，熄火，按下驻车制动阀以释放驻车制动，然后计时并观察气压下降速度。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system (typically 125 psi), turn off the engine, release the parking brake (push in); and time the air pressure drop.

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测试静态漏气率时，你应当： / To test the static air leakage rate, you should

保持发动机运转并释放驻车制动。 / leave the engine running and release the parking brake.

熄火、释放驻车制动，并让系统稳定下来。 / turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and let the system settle.

给系统充气并保持发动机运转。 / charge the air system and leave the engine running.

解释：所有空气制动车辆都配有与储气筒相连的压力表。若为双回路系统，两套系统各有一块压力表。 / EXPLANATION: All vehicles with air brakes have a pressure gauge connected to the air tank. If the vehicle has a dual air brake system, there will be a gauge for each half of the system.

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配有空气制动的车辆必须具备： / Vehicles with air brakes must have:

显示制动室用于制动之空气量的压力表。 / An air pressure gauge to show air used by the brake chambers for braking.

显示可用于制动的气压的压力表。 / An air pressure gauge to show the pressure available for braking.

至少两个储气筒。 / At least two air tanks.

解释：制动方式应保证车辆保持直线并且在必要时仍能转向。可使用“控制制动”或“点踩制动（stab braking）”。 / EXPLANATION: You should brake in a way that will keep your vehicle in a straight line and allow you to turn if it becomes necessary. You can use the “controlled braking” method or the “stab braking” method.

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如果你必须紧急停车，制动方式应确保： / If you must make an emergency stop, you should brake so that you:

保持直线并能进行转向。 / Stay in a straight line and can steer.

在重度刹车时也能大幅转向。 / Can steer hard while braking hard.

把刹车踩到完全抱死。 / Use the full power of the brakes and lock them.

解释：高温会使制动衬片发生化学变化而降低摩擦，同时会使制动鼓热膨胀，引发制动衰退。 / EXPLANATION: Brake fade results from excessive heat causing chemical changes in the brake lining, which reduce friction, and also causing expansion of the brake drums.

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过度使用行车制动会导致过热，进而引起： / Excessive use of the service brakes may result in overheating, which can lead to

S 形凸轮调整不当。 / improper adjustment of the S-cams.

制动鼓膨胀。 / expansion of the brake drums.

制动鼓与衬片之间接触更紧密。 / increased contact between the brake drums and the brake linings.

解释：施加压力表显示你此刻施加到制动系统上的气压大小。 / EXPLANATION: Application Pressure Gauge shows how much air pressure you are applying to the brakes.

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制动施加压力表（application pressure gauge）向驾驶员显示： / The application pressure gauge shows the driver how much pressure:

储气筒中的气压。 / Is in the air tanks.

行程中累计使用了多少压力。 / Has been used on the trip.

正施加到制动器上的压力。 / Is being applied to the brakes.

解释：在平地停车并垫好轮挡，释放驻车制动后，戴手套用力拉每个能触及的行程调节器；若推杆连接点位移超过约 1 英寸，就需要调整。 / EXPLANATION: Park on level ground and chock the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving, release the parking brakes so you can move the slack adjusters, using gloves and pull hard on each slack adjuster that you can reach, and if a slack adjuster moves more than about one inch where the push rod attaches to it then adjustments are needed.

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行程调节器的自由行程不应超过_____？ / Slack adjusters should not have any more than _____ of play?

1/2 英寸 / 1/2 inch

1 英寸 / 1 inch

1 又 1/2 英寸 / 1-1/2 inches

解释：踩下制动踏板时，空气进入各制动室，气压顶出推杆带动行程调节器，从而扭转制动凸轮轴。S 形凸轮随之转动，使两片制动蹄分开并压向制动鼓内侧。 / EXPLANATION: When you push the brake pedal, air is let into each brake chamber. Air pressure pushes the rod out, moving the slack adjuster, thus twisting the brake camshaft. This turns the s-cam forcing the brake shoes away from one another and presses them against the inside of the brake drum.

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S 形凸轮（S-cam）用于做什么？ / What is the S-cam used for?

用于释放制动。 / To release the brakes.

用于检查行程调节器。 / To test the slack adjusters.

用于施加制动。 / To apply the brakes.

解释：切勿在未拉好驻车制动或未垫轮挡的情况下让车辆无人看管，否则车辆可能溜走并造成人身伤害或财产损失。 / EXPLANATION: Never leave your vehicle unattended without applying the parking brakes or chocking the wheels. Your vehicle might roll away and cause injury and damage.

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在让车辆无人看管之前，你应该做哪些？ / Which of the following should you do before leaving your vehicle unattended?

拔下钥匙。 / Remove the keys.

拉好驻车制动。 / Set the parking brakes.

以上全部。 / Do all of the above.

垫好轮挡。 / Chock the wheels.

解释：陡坡下行采用“缓压/点刹（snub）”法：刹到比“安全速度”**低约 5 mph** 时松开；当车速回到安全速度时再重复。 / EXPLANATION: Snub braking method is used for steep downhill grades, in this method apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your “safe” speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your “safe” speed, repeat.

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在长且陡的下坡路段，当达到“安全速度”后，应制动至车速 / On a long or steep downgrade, once you have reached your “safe” speed, brake until you are traveling

再慢 5 mph。 / 5 mph slower.

再慢 10 mph。 / 10 mph slower.

再慢 15 mph。 / 15 mph slower.

解释：ABS 是一套计算机控制系统，可在重度制动时防止车轮抱死。 / EXPLANATION: ABS is a computerized system that keeps your wheels from locking up during hard brake applications.

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防抱死制动系统（ABS） / An antilock braking system (ABS)

会提高你的常规制动能力。 / increases your normal braking capability.

会降低你的常规制动能力。 / decreases your normal braking capability.

会缩短你的制动距离。 / shortens your stopping distance.

在车轮将要抱死时启动。 / activates when your wheels are about to lock up.

解释：低气压警报装置（蜂鸣、指示灯或旗标）应在气压下降到 **60 psi** 之前启动，或按制造商规定的阈值启动。 / EXPLANATION: Low air warning devices (buzzer, light, flag) should activate before air pressure drops below 60 psi or level specified by the manufacturer.

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驾驶员必须能在行车储气筒气压降到以下数值之前看到警告信号： / The driver must be able to see a warning that is given before air pressure in the service air tanks falls below:

40 psi / 40 psi

60 psi / 60 psi

20 psi / 20 psi

解释：有些空气制动系统会用酒精蒸发器向系统中加入酒精，以减少寒冷天气下阀门及其他部件结冰的风险。但仍需每天放掉储气筒中的水和油。 / EXPLANATION: Some air brake systems have an alcohol evaporator to put alcohol into the air system. This helps to reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves and other parts during cold weather. Daily air tank drainage is still needed to get rid of water and oil.

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如果车辆配有酒精蒸发器（alcohol evaporator），其作用是： / If your vehicle has an alcohol evaporator, it is there to:

清除湿罐底部积存的酒精。 / Rid the wet tank of alcohol that condenses and sits at the bottom.

让你不必每天放水。 / Eliminate the need for daily tank draining.

在寒冷天气降低空气制动阀结冰的风险。 / Reduce the risk of ice in air brake valves in cold weather.

解释：双回路系统是两套独立的空气制动共用一套操控；通常一套管后桥，另一套管前桥（有时也管部分后桥）。失压的那套对应车轴的常用制动将无法完全工作。 / EXPLANATION: A dual air brake system has two separate air brake systems, which use a single set of brake controls. Each system has its own air tanks, hoses, lines, etc. One system typically operates the regular brakes on the rear axle or axles. The other system operates the regular brakes on the front axle and possibly one rear axle.

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车辆为双回路空气制动，其中一套失压会怎样？ / Your vehicle has a dual air brake system. One of the systems loses air pressure. What will happen?

紧急制动会立刻介入。 / The emergency brakes will come on immediately.

手动行程调节器会被设错。 / The manual slack adjusters will not be set properly.

前桥或后桥的常用制动将不能完全工作。 / Either the front or rear brakes will not be fully operational.

解释：空气制动存在额外的延迟，即“制动迟滞”。这是从踩下踏板到制动器真正起作用所需的时间。液压制动几乎即时生效，而空气制动需要空气在管路中流动到各制动器，通常约半秒或更久。 / EXPLANATION: With air brakes there is an added delay or Brake Lag. This is the time required for the brakes to work after the brake pedal is pushed. With hydraulic brake, the brakes work instantly. With air brakes it takes a little time, one half second or more, for the air to flow through the lines to the brakes.

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下列哪一项使空气制动的总制动距离比液压制动更长？ / Which of the following makes the total stopping distance for air brakes longer than that for hydraulic brakes?

反应距离。 / Reaction distance.

知觉距离。 / Perception distance.

制动迟滞距离。 / Brake lag distance.

解释：在气压充满后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放行车制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 2 psi；在踩住制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 3 psi。 / Right! EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicle brakes released, and three with the brakes applied.

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在发动机关闭、释放制动的情况下，直卡或巴士空气制动系统的泄漏率每分钟不应超过____ psi。 / A straight truck or bus air brake system should not leak at a rate of more than ____ psi per minute with the engine off and the brakes released.

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1 / 1

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解释：为维持相同速度而不得不加大踩踏力，说明制动正在衰退。 / EXPLANATION: Increasing application pressure to hold the same speed means the brakes are fading.

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出现哪种情况时你应当意识到制动正在衰退？ / You should know that your brakes are fading when:

在下坡控制车速时，你需要比平时更用力踩刹车。 / You must push harder on the brake pedal to control your speed on a downgrade.

踩下去脚感发“软”。 / The brake feels spongy when pressure is applied.

一松开刹车踏板车速就上升。 / Pressure on the brake pedal is released and speed increases.

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