气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：牵引车保护阀可在挂车脱离或发生严重泄漏时**保持牵引车**制动系统内的空气；当气压过低（通常 **20–45 psi**）时会自动关闭。 / EXPLANATION: The tractor protection valve keeps air in the tractor or truck brake system should the trailer break away or develop a bad leak, and it will close automatically if air pressure is low (typically 20-45 psi).

1 / 25

牵引车保护阀（tractor protection valve） / The tractor protection valve

当你拉起驻车制动时会关闭。 / will close if you apply the parking brakes.

为制动系统提供供气。 / provides the air supply for the brake system.

当供气降到某一水平时会自动关闭。 / will close automatically if the air supply drops to a certain level.

以上皆是。 / does all of the above.

解释：S 形凸轮呈字母 “S” 的形状。它使两片制动蹄相互分开并压向制动鼓内侧。 / EXPLANATION: The S-cam is S-shaped. The s-cam forces the brake shoes away from one another and presses them against the inside of the brake drum.

2 / 25

S 形凸轮鼓式制动器每个制动室里都有一个 S 形凸轮，为什么叫“S-cam”？ / S-cam drum brakes have an S-cam in each brake chamber. Why is it called an "S-cam?"

它让制动蹄沿着 S 形轨迹移动。 / It makes the brake shoes move in an S-shaped path.

它的形状像字母 “S”。 / It is shaped like the letter "S."

只要车轮转动它就一直旋转。 / It is constantly spinning whenever the wheel is spinning.

解释：切勿在未拉驻车制动或未垫轮挡的情况下把车辆置于无人看管状态，否则可能溜车并造成伤害或损失。 / EXPLANATION: Never leave your vehicle unattended without applying the parking brakes or chocking the wheels. Your vehicle might roll away and cause injury and damage.

3 / 25

什么时候可以不拉驻车制动或不垫轮挡就把卡车置于无人看管状态？ / When can you leave your truck unattended without first applying the parking brakes or chocking the wheels?

从不可以 / Never

如果只离开几分钟 / If you will only be away from the truck for a few minutes

如果要做出车前检查 / If you will be conducting your pre-trip inspection

解释：弹簧制动的效果依赖于制动系统处于正确的调整状态。如果调整不当，常用制动和紧急/驻车制动都会工作不良。 / EXPLANATION: The braking power of spring brakes depends on the brakes being in adjustment. If the brakes are not adjusted properly, neither the regular brakes nor the emergency/parking brakes will work right.

4 / 25

弹簧制动的制动力： / The braking power of the spring brakes:

取决于行车制动的调整状况。 / Depends on the adjustment of the service brakes.

在行车制动过热时会增强。 / Increases when the service brakes are hot.

不受行车制动状况影响。 / Is not affected by the condition of the service brakes.

解释：在气压充满（通常约 125 psi）后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放/施加行车制动时，每分钟压降应分别小于 2 psi / 3 psi；组合车辆分别小于 3 psi / 4 psi。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system typically 125 psi, turn off the engine, release the parking brake; and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicles brakes released and three with the brakes applied, and less than three psi in one minute for combination vehicles with the brakes released and four with the brakes applied.

5 / 25

在初始压降之后，每分钟允许的最大漏气率为： / After the initial drop, the maximum acceptable leakage rates per minute are

单一车辆 5 psi，组合车辆 10 psi。 / 5 psi for single vehicles and 10 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 1 psi，组合车辆 3 psi。 / 1 psi for single vehicles and 3 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 3 psi，组合车辆 4 psi。 / 3 psi for single vehicles and 4 psi for combination vehicles.

单一车辆 5 psi，组合车辆 6 psi。 / 5 psi for single vehicles and 6 psi for combination vehicles.

解释：**当弹簧制动已介入时，切勿**踩下制动踏板；弹簧力与气压的合力可能损坏制动器。 / EXPLANATION: Never push the brake pedal down when the spring brakes are on. If you do, the brakes could be damaged by the combined forces of the springs and the air pressure.

6 / 25

当弹簧制动处于工作状态时，你应在何时踩下制动踏板？ / If the spring brakes are on, when should you push the brake pedal?

仅在下坡时 / Only when driving downhill

从不 / Never

仅在湿滑路面上 / Only on a slippery road

解释：行驶中强力弹簧被气压顶住不介入；一旦气压消失，弹簧就会施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: When driving, powerful springs are held back by air pressure. If the air pressure is removed, the springs put on the brakes.

7 / 25

正常行驶时，是什么力量将弹簧制动“顶住”而不介入？ / During normal driving, spring brakes are usually held back by:

弹簧力 / Spring pressure

离心力 / Centrifugal force

气压 / Air pressure

解释：在正常行驶中，踩下踏板时施加并释放制动的是行车制动系统。 / EXPLANATION: The service brake system applies and releases the brakes when you use the brake pedal during normal driving.

8 / 25

在驾驶员使用制动踏板时负责施加并释放制动的是： / The brake system that applies and releases the brakes when the driver uses the brake pedal is the:

紧急制动系统。 / Emergency brake system.

驻车制动系统。 / Parking brake system.

行车制动系统。 / Service brake system.

解释：无论是牵引车-挂车还是单一车辆，测试弹簧制动自动介入的方法与测试低气压报警类似：反复踩放制动踏板，这次要降到更低的气压，直到驻车制动阀关闭或弹出。 / EXPLANATION: On both tractor-trailers and single vehicles, to test whether the spring brakes will come on automatically, use the same method you use for testing the low air pressure warning signal: Step on and off the brake pedal, this time until you reach an even lower psi reading and the parking brake valve closes or pops out.

9 / 25

测试车辆的弹簧制动是否会自动介入的最佳方法是什么？ / What is the best way to test if your vehicle's spring brakes come on automatically?

在牵引车-挂车上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On tractor-trailer vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

反复踩放制动踏板，直到达到制造商规定的低气压值，此时弹簧制动应介入。 / Continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the manufacturer's low psi specification is met for spring brakes to deploy.

在单一车辆上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On single vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

以上说法都正确。 / All of the above are correct.

解释：交通部要求：**1998 年 3 月 1 日及以后**生产的空气制动车辆必须配备 ABS。 / EXPLANATION: The Department of Transportation requires that ABS be on: air brake vehicles built on or after March 1, 1998.

10 / 25

如何判断车辆是否配备了防抱死制动系统（ABS）？ / How can you tell if your vehicle is equipped with an antilock braking system (ABS)?

ABS 仍是可选配置。 / ABS is still optional.

查看是否为 2010 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 2010.

查看是否为 2000 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 2000.

查看是否为 1998 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 1998.

解释：踩下制动踏板时，空气进入各制动室，气压顶出推杆带动行程调节器，从而扭转制动凸轮轴。S 形凸轮随之转动，使两片制动蹄分开并压向制动鼓内侧。 / EXPLANATION: When you push the brake pedal, air is let into each brake chamber. Air pressure pushes the rod out, moving the slack adjuster, thus twisting the brake camshaft. This turns the s-cam forcing the brake shoes away from one another and presses them against the inside of the brake drum.

11 / 25

S 形凸轮（S-cam）用于做什么？ / What is the S-cam used for?

用于检查行程调节器。 / To test the slack adjusters.

用于释放制动。 / To release the brakes.

用于施加制动。 / To apply the brakes.

解释：驾驶室内的驻车制动控制可放出弹簧制动回路的空气，使弹簧施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: A parking brake control in the cab allows the driver to let the air out of the spring brakes. This lets the springs put the brakes on.

12 / 25

驻车制动控制装置： / The parking brake control

在紧急情况下施加制动。 / applies the brakes in the event of an emergency.

让制动室中的空气排出。 / lets the air out of the brake chambers.

在正常行驶中施加制动。 / applies the brakes during normal driving.

解释：空气制动其实包含三套系统：行车制动、驻车制动与紧急制动。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

13 / 25

现代空气制动系统由三套系统组成，分别是行车制动、驻车制动，以及： / Modern air brake systems combines three different systems. They are the service brakes, the parking brakes and the:

脚踏制动。 / Foot brakes.

紧急制动。 / Emergency brakes.

S 形凸轮制动。 / S-cam brakes.

解释：驾驶室内的驻车制动控制可让弹簧制动回路**排气**，由弹簧施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: A parking brake control in the cab allows the driver to let the air out of the spring brakes. This lets the springs put the brakes on.

14 / 25

在正常情况下要施加驻车制动，应当 / To apply the parking brakes under normal conditions,

关闭发动机。 / turn off the engine.

让制动室中的空气排出。 / let the air out of the brake chambers.

确保空气制动系统气压充足。 / be sure the air brake system is fully pressurized.

解释：为维持相同速度而不得不加大踩踏力，说明制动正在衰退。 / EXPLANATION: Increasing application pressure to hold the same speed means the brakes are fading.

15 / 25

出现哪种情况时你应当意识到制动正在衰退？ / You should know that your brakes are fading when:

一松开刹车踏板车速就上升。 / Pressure on the brake pedal is released and speed increases.

在下坡控制车速时，你需要比平时更用力踩刹车。 / You must push harder on the brake pedal to control your speed on a downgrade.

踩下去脚感发“软”。 / The brake feels spongy when pressure is applied.

解释：戴手套用力拉动每个能触及的行程调节器；若推杆连接点处的位移超过约 1 英寸，通常需要调整。 / EXPLANATION: Use gloves and pull hard on each slack adjuster that you can reach. If a slack adjuster moves more than about one inch where the push rod attaches to it, it probably needs adjustment.

16 / 25

如何检查卡车的行程调节器（slack adjusters）？ / How would you check your truck's slack adjusters?

踩下刹车踏板并听是否有异常声响。 / Press the brake pedal while listening for any strange noises.

戴手套，尽力拉动每一个够得着的行程调节器。 / Use gloves and pull hard on each slack adjuster you can reach.

以上方法都可以。 / All of the above will work.

先加速再重刹。 / Accelerate, then brake hard.

解释：压缩空气通常含有水与少量压缩机油，这对空气制动系统不利。例如水在寒冷天气会结冰，从而导致制动失效。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Compressed air usually has some water and some compressor oil in it, which is bad for the air brake system. For example, the water can freeze in cold weather and cause brake failure.

17 / 25

如果油和水积存在储气筒里，制动可能会出现什么情况？ / If oil and water collects in the air tanks, what could happen to the brakes?

刹车可能失效。 / The brakes could fail.

刹车会发热。 / The brakes could heat up.

刹车会抱死。 / The brakes could lock up.

解释：一旦低气压警报灯/蜂鸣器响起，应立即把车辆安全地停住，此时你仍能控制刹车。 / EXPLANATION: When the low air pressure warning light and buzzer first come on, bring the vehicle to a safe stop right away, while you can still control the brakes.

18 / 25

以下选项中，低气压警报一亮起首先要做的是： / Of the choices below, the first thing to do when a low air pressure warning comes on is:

调整踏板行程让踏板更深。 / Adjust the brake pedal for more travel.

升档。 / Up shift.

尽快安全停车并靠边。 / Stop and safely park as soon as possible.

解释：踩踏越重，施加到制动器的气压越大；松开踏板则减压并释放制动。 / EXPLANATION: You put on the brakes by pushing down the brake pedal. Pushing the pedal down harder applies more air pressure. Letting up on the brake pedal reduces the air pressure and releases the brakes.

19 / 25

空气制动系统中的制动踏板： / The brake pedal in an air brake system:

正常行驶时可当脚踏休息。 / Is to be used as a footrest during normal driving.

控制施加到制动器上的气压。 / Controls the air pressure applied to the brakes.

控制空气压缩机转速。 / Controls the speed of the air compressor.

解释：过度使用导致高温、调整不当、气压不足，都会引起制动衰退或失效；未充分利用发动机制动也会恶化问题。 / EXPLANATION: Brakes can fade or fail from excessive heat caused by using them too much and not relying on the engine braking effect, they are also affected by adjustment, and low air pressure.

20 / 25

以下哪些会导致制动失效或衰退？ / Which of the following can cause brakes to fail or fade?

踩刹车不够用力 / Not pressing the brake pedal hard enough

不把脚从油门上移开 / Not taking your foot off the accelerator

过热、气压不足、未充分利用发动机制动 / Overheating, low air pressure, and not relying on the engine braking effect

解释：长/陡下坡时脚刹只是发动机制动的**补充**。预先选好低挡位，只需轻踩到**明显减速**即可。 / EXPLANATION: The use of brakes on a long and/or steep downgrade is only a supplement to the braking effect of the engine. Once the vehicle is in the proper low gear you should only have to apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown.

21 / 25

开始下坡前，应选择合适挡位，以便 / Before starting down a hill, you should be in the proper gear

能在下坡过程中逐个换挡。 / so you can go through the gears on the way down.

能够空挡滑行。 / so you can coast downhill.

只需将刹车踩到能明显减速即可。 / so you only have to apply the brake just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown.

解释：与楔式制动和盘式制动相比，S 形凸轮制动更常见。 / EXPLANATION: Wedge brakes and disc brakes are less common than s-cam brakes.

22 / 25

重型车辆最常见的基础制动器是： / The most common type of foundation brakes found on heavy vehicles is the:

S 形凸轮制动 / S-cam brake

盘式制动 / Disc brakes

楔式鼓式制动 / Wedge drum

解释：在气压充满后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放行车制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 2 psi；在踩住制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 3 psi。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicle brakes released, and three with the brakes applied.

23 / 25

在发动机关闭并踩住制动的情况下，直卡或巴士的气压泄漏率不应超过_____。 / Air loss in a straight truck or bus should not be more than _____ with the engine off and the brakes applied.

30 秒内 1 psi / 1 psi in 30 seconds

1 分钟内 3 psi / 3 psi in one minute

1 分钟内 1 psi / 1 psi in one minute

解释：空气制动存在额外的延迟，即“制动迟滞”。这是从踩下踏板到制动器真正起作用所需的时间。液压制动几乎即时生效，而空气制动需要空气在管路中流动到各制动器，通常约半秒或更久。 / EXPLANATION: With air brakes there is an added delay or Brake Lag. This is the time required for the brakes to work after the brake pedal is pushed. With hydraulic brake, the brakes work instantly. With air brakes it takes a little time, one half second or more, for the air to flow through the lines to the brakes.

24 / 25

下列哪一项使空气制动的总制动距离比液压制动更长？ / Which of the following makes the total stopping distance for air brakes longer than that for hydraulic brakes?

反应距离。 / Reaction distance.

知觉距离。 / Perception distance.

制动迟滞距离。 / Brake lag distance.

解释：在一些车辆上，仪表台的控制手柄可逐步施加弹簧制动，称为调制阀。它有弹簧回馈，手感清晰；手柄推得越多，弹簧制动施加得越重。 / EXPLANATION: In some vehicles a control handle on the dash board may be used to apply the spring brakes gradually. This is called a modulating valve. It is spring-loaded, so you have a feel for the braking action. The more you move the control lever, the harder the spring brakes come on.

25 / 25

调制控制阀（modulating control valve）允许你控制： / The modulating control valve allows you to control the

前轮制动。 / front brakes.

弹簧制动。 / spring brakes.

制动系统中的压力大小。 / amount of pressure in the brake system.

您的分数是

作者 WordPress Quiz plugin