通用知识测试

没错！说明：出车前检查发生在出发前；途中检查发生在你行车期间的每次休息时；收车后检查发生在行程结束之后。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Pre-trip occurs before you leave for your trip, En-route occurs during any break you take while driving, and post-trip occurs when your route is finished.

正确！解释：应提前打灯，并保持到转弯完成后再关闭；这有助于防止他人试图从你旁边超车。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Signal early and leave the signal on until the maneuver is complete. Signal well before you turn. It is the best way to keep others from trying to pass you.

答对！解释：悬挂系统的常见缺陷包括减震器渗漏、钢板弹簧断裂或吊耳开裂等。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Leaking shock absorbers and broken or missing leaves are two of the more common defects that may occur in a suspension system.

完全正确！说明：下坡时可选择低速挡位以获得更强的发动机制动；低挡还能防止变速器升挡超过所选挡位。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: You can select a low range to get greater engine braking when going down grades. The lower ranges prevent the transmission from shifting up beyond the selected gear.

正确！解释：“出车前检查”在出发前进行，“途中检查”发生在日常行程中，“收车后检查”在当天结束时进行。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Pre-trip is an inspection before you leave, en-route occurs during your daily travel, and post-trip happens at the end of your day.

答对！解释：服务时间规定通常由各州交通部门执法人员执行；普通警官也可以检查驾驶员的行车日志。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Enforcement of the HOS (Hours of Service) rules is generally handled by DOT officers of their respective states, although any ordinary police officer may inspect a driver's log book.

没错！说明：不论货物多小，至少也要使用两条捆绑带固定。 / Right! EXPLANATION: No matter how small the cargo, it should have at least two tie-downs.

正确！说明：联邦和州检查员都可以检查你的车辆。如果认定车辆不安全，会将其判为“停驶整改（out of service）”，直到修复。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Federal and state inspectors also may inspect your vehicles. If they judge the vehicle to be unsafe, they will put it "out of service" until it is fixed.

正确！说明：通过积水时应轻踩刹车，让制动衬片轻压在制动鼓/盘上，防止泥沙与水进入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Gently put on the brakes. This presses linings against brake drums or discs and keeps mud, silt, sand, and water from getting in.

答对！解释：右转时若先向左摆头，后车可能误以为你要左转而从右侧超车，极易发生碰撞；应在完成右转时再适度外扩，而不是起始就向左外摆。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: If you are driving a truck or bus that cannot make the right turn without swinging into another lane, turn wide as you complete the turn. Don't turn wide to the left as you start the turn. A following driver may think you are turning left and try to pass you on the right.

正确！说明：制动衬片（制动片上的摩擦材料）不得松动、不得被油脂浸湿，且不得磨损到危险薄度。机械部件应齐全完好、无破损或缺失；板簧不得缺片、移位、开裂或折断。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Linings, or the friction material on brake pads, must not be loose or soaked with oil or grease and must not be dangerously thin. Mechanical parts must be in place, not broken or missing. Leaf springs should not have missing, shifted, cracked, or broken leaf.

正确！解释：高密度液体（如某些酸类）装满可能超出法定重量上限。装载量应取决于液体在运输中的膨胀量、液体的重量以及法定重量限制。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: A full tank of dense liquid (such as some acids) may exceed legal weight limits. The amount of liquid to load into a tank depends on: the amount the liquid will expand in transit, the weight of the liquid, legal weight limits.

正确！解释：重型车加速较慢且需要更大空间并入车流，因此比小客车需要更大的并线/穿越间隙。载重越大，加速越慢，应预留更多空间。穿越道路前要确保在来车到达前能完全通过。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Because of slow acceleration and the space large vehicles require, you may need a much larger gap to enter traffic than you would in a car. Acceleration varies with the load, allow more room if your vehicle is heavily loaded. Before you start across a road, make sure you can get all the way across before traffic reaches you.

正确！说明：若路肩安全，应继续在路肩上行驶直至完全停稳；回到车道前要打转向并观察后视镜。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If the shoulder is clear, stay on it until your vehicle has come to a stop. Signal and check your mirrors before pulling back onto the road.

没错！说明：若检测到低于 0.04% 但可检出的酒精含量，将被停驶 24 小时。 / Right! EXPLANATION: You will be put out-of-service for 24 hours if you have any detectable amount of alcohol under .04%.

答对！说明：避险车道的作用是让失控车辆安全停下，不伤及司机和乘客。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Escape ramps are made to stop runaway vehicles safely without injuring drivers and passengers.

完全正确！解释：感知距离 + 反应距离 + 制动滞后距离 + 制动距离 = 总停车距离。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Perception Distance + Reaction Distance + Brake Lag Distance + Braking Distance = Total Stopping Distance.

正确！说明：速度已上来后不要再尝试降挡；此时无法挂入低挡，甚至可能挂不上任何挡位，从而完全丧失发动机制动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Do not try to downshift after your speed has already built up. You will not be able to shift into a lower gear. You may not even be able to get back into any gear and all engine braking effect will be lost.

答对！说明：货物重量会改变车辆高度。空车通常比满载时更高。装载时能从桥下通过，并不代表空载时也一定能通过。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The weight of a cargo van changes its height. An empty van is higher than a loaded one. That you got under a bridge when you were loaded does not mean that you can do it when you are empty.

答对！解释：经验法则：当车速低于 40 英里/小时，每 10 英尺车长至少预留 1 秒跟车时间；速度更高时，为安全起见再额外增加 1 秒。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

正确！解释：对向车辆偏入你的车道时，通常向右侧避让最好；一旦对方意识到偏离，往往会自然回到其原车道。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If an oncoming driver has drifted into your lane, a move to your right is best. If that driver realizes what has happened, the natural response will be to return to his or her own lane.

正确！解释：各地法律与限制可能不同；需熟悉你将驶经的辖区规定。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Be familiar with the laws in the states you drive in. These laws can cover aspects such as vehicle weight, cargo, and allowed routes. The regulations can vary from one jurisdiction to another, so know which jurisdictions you'll be driving through.

正确！说明：如果右侧路肩空旷，向右避让通常更好。路肩上几乎不会有人行驶，而左侧可能有车正在超你——这需要你平时留意后视镜。若两侧都受阻，右移往往仍是上策，至少不会把别人逼入对向车道，造成迎面相撞的风险。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If the shoulder is clear, going right may be best. No one is likely to be driving on the shoulder, but someone may be passing you on the left. You will know if you have been using your mirrors. If you are blocked on both sides, a move to the right may be best. At least you won't force anyone into an opposing traffic lane and a possible head-on collision.

没错！说明：某些天气下，路面会积水或泥浆。这时车辆可能发生水膜滑行，就像滑水一样——轮胎与路面失去接触，几乎没有附着力，你可能无法转向或制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: In some weather, water or slush collects on the road. When this happens, your vehicle can hydroplane. It's like water skiing--the tires lose their contact with the road and have little or no traction. You may not be able to steer or brake.

没错！说明：你应始终确保能在前方可见距离内停住。 / Right! EXPLANATION: You should always be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead.

没错！说明：受控制动是指在不使车轮抱死的前提下尽可能用力制动。进行该操作时方向盘转动要尽量小；若需要大幅转向或车轮已抱死，应松开刹车。即便需要抱死，也只能持续极短时间；随后应尽快重新施加制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Controlled Braking: applying the brakes as hard as you can without locking the wheels. Keep steering wheel movements very small while doing this. If you need to make a larger steering adjustment or if the wheels lock, release the brakes, brakes should only be locked for a short period of time. Re-apply the brakes as soon as you can.

正确！说明：路面湿滑时，停车所需时间更长，且更难在不打滑的情况下转向。湿路在任何车速下都可能让制动距离翻倍，因此要降低速度，并在湿路上逐步、平缓减速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: I It will take longer to stop, and it will be harder to turn without skidding, when the road is slippery. Wet roads can double stopping distance at any speed, reduce speed, and slow down gradually on a wet road.

答对！解释：松开油门并踩下离合器可帮助恢复控制，使车辆减速并让车轮自由转动；发生水上滑行时不要通过制动来减速。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: You can regain control by releasing the accelerator and pushing in the clutch. This will slow your vehicle and let the wheels turn freely. If the vehicle is hydroplaning, do not use the brakes to slow down.

答对！解释：可选的应急物品包括：防滑链、换胎工具、紧急联系电话清单以及事故报告套件等。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Check for optional emergency items such as: chains, tire changing equipment, list of emergency phone numbers, and accident reporting kit.

正确！说明：请记住，前车比你更小，通常也能更快停住；如果你跟得过近，就可能发生追尾。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Remember, if the vehicle ahead of you is smaller than yours, it can probably stop faster than you can. You may crash if you are following too closely.

完全正确！说明：粗暴加速会造成机械损伤；牵引挂车时还可能损坏连接装置。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Rough acceleration can cause mechanical damage. When pulling a trailer, rough acceleration can damage the coupling.

正确！说明：如有可能，在车速降至约 20 英里/小时之前尽量不要刹车，然后轻柔地回到道路上。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If possible, avoid using the brakes until your speed has dropped to about 20 mph, and gently return to the road.

正确！说明：转向轮必须有足够附着力才能实现转向；在冬季条件下胎纹尤为重要。前轮胎面各主沟的胎纹深度至少 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎至少 2/32 英寸。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The steering tires must have traction to steer the vehicle. Enough tread is especially important in winter conditions. You must have at least 4/32-inch tread depth in every major groove on front tires and at least 2/32 inch on other tires.

正确！说明：需要时再使用喇叭。滥用喇叭可能惊扰他人，带来危险。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Use your horn when needed. However, it can startle others and could be dangerous when used unnecessarily.

答对！说明：施工路段需要格外小心；工人冒着生命危险维护道路，因此你应低速行驶、打开双闪，并通过刹车灯与后车“沟通”。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Driving in work zones require extra care, and because of the workers risking their lives to keep the road in good condition you should drive slowly, use your hazards, and use your brake lights as communication devices.

答对！解释：双手稳握方向盘相对两侧，以便车辆被侧风、路面或机械故障影响时，方向盘不至于被“抢走”。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Hold the steering wheel firmly with both hands. Your hands should be on opposite sides of the wheel. If you hit a curb or a pothole, the wheel could pull away from your hands unless you have a firm hold.

没错！说明：若车辆为液压刹车，先连续踩三下踏板，然后用力踩住保持 5 秒。踏板不应继续下沉；若会下沉，可能存在泄漏或其他问题。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If the vehicle has hydraulic brakes, pump the brake pedal three times. Then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for five seconds. The pedal should not move. If it does, there may be a leak or other problem.

没错！说明：发现起火时要先呼救。消防员到来前，你可以用灭火器控制小型车体火情，避免蔓延到货物。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When you discover a fire, call for help. You may use the fire extinguisher to keep minor truck fires from spreading to cargo before firefighters arrive.

答对！说明：座椅必须对乘客安全。所有座椅都要牢固固定在车身上，不得松动或缺失。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The seats must be safe for riders. All seats must be securely fastened to the bus, and not lose or missing.

答对！说明：行车保持清醒：戴太阳镜避免眩光与眼疲劳、保持车内凉爽、避免油腻重食、留意白天的低迷时段、尽量有人同行、定时短暂休息，必要时停车小睡。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: To maintain alertness while driving: protect yourself from glare and eyestrain with sunglasses, keep cool, avoid heavy foods, be aware of down time during the day, have another person ride with you, take periodic breaks, or stop driving and get some rest or take a nap.

正确！解释：车辆一旦开始打滑，关键是**恢复车轮与地面的附着力**；必要时用点放/控制制动与反向转向配合，先找回抓地力。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: When any vehicle starts to skid, you must act to restore traction to the wheels.

完全正确！说明：要平顺、渐进地加速，避免车辆产生顿挫；粗暴加速会造成机械损伤，牵引挂车时还可能损坏连接装置。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Speed up smoothly and gradually so the vehicle does not jerk. Rough acceleration can cause mechanical damage. When pulling a trailer, rough acceleration can damage the coupling.

答对！解释：观察前车经过的影子、路面标线或明显地标，从那一刻开始按“1001、1002……”计数，直到你到达同一位置，即为你的跟车秒数。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: To know how much space you have, wait until the vehicle ahead passes a shadow on the road, a pavement marking, or some other clear landmark. Then count off the seconds like this: "one thousand-and-one, one thousand-and-two" and so on, until you reach the same spot.

完全正确！解释：“黑冰”是一层**很薄且透明**的冰，表面看起来像湿路但温度在**冰点以下**。遇到“路面看似湿但气温在零下”要格外小心。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Black ice is a thin layer that is clear enough that you can see the road underneath it. It makes the road look wet. Any time the temperature is below freezing, and the road looks wet, watch out for black ice.

正确！解释：能避免倒车就避免倒车；尽量**把车辆停放成离开时可以直接前进**的姿态。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Avoid backing whenever you can. When you park, try to park so you will be able to pull forward when you leave.