通用知识测试

答对！解释：悬挂肉类与干散装货物属于不稳定载荷、重心高，尤其在匝道等急弯处必须低速谨慎。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Hanging meat and dry bulk can be a very unstable load with a high center of gravity. Particular caution is needed on sharp curves such as off ramps and on ramps. Go slowly.

正确！解释：刚开始下雨时，雨水与路面油污混合会让路面非常湿滑；雨下得久了会把油污冲走，因此路面会变得不那么滑。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Right after it starts to rain, the water mixes with oil left on the road by vehicles. This makes the road very slippery. If the rain continues, it will wash the oil away.

完全正确！解释：感知距离 + 反应距离 + 制动滞后距离 + 制动距离 = 总停车距离。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Perception Distance + Reaction Distance + Brake Lag Distance + Braking Distance = Total Stopping Distance.

完全正确！解释：商用车车身宽、盲区大。尽量不要久与他车并排行驶，把车保持在车道中部，避免被强侧风或他人动作影响。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Commercial vehicles are often wide and take up most of a lane. Safe drivers will manage what little space they have. You can do this by keeping your vehicle centered in your lane and avoid driving alongside others.

答对！解释：观察前车经过的影子、路面标线或明显地标，从那一刻开始按“1001、1002……”计数，直到你到达同一位置，即为你的跟车秒数。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: To know how much space you have, wait until the vehicle ahead passes a shadow on the road, a pavement marking, or some other clear landmark. Then count off the seconds like this: “one thousand-and-one, one thousand-and-two” and so on, until you reach the same spot.

正确！解释：能避免倒车就避免倒车；尽量**把车辆停放成离开时可以直接前进**的姿态。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Avoid backing whenever you can. When you park, try to park so you will be able to pull forward when you leave.

正确！说明：请记住，前车比你更小，通常也能更快停住；如果你跟得过近，就可能发生追尾。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Remember, if the vehicle ahead of you is smaller than yours, it can probably stop faster than you can. You may crash if you are following too closely.

正确！解释：“陈绿灯”是已经持续绿灯一段时间、随时可能变黄/变红的信号灯，应提前准备减速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: A stale green light is a traffic light that is green when you first see it, thus you do not know how long it has been green – so we have to assume it will change at any moment.

正确！解释：注意留心以下迹象：车辆偏离车道线或在车道内忽左忽右、车速忽快忽慢；驾驶员分心看地图、吃东西、打电话等；或与乘客交谈。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Watch for: vehicles that may drift over the lane divider lines or within their own lane; vehicles traveling at inconsistent speeds; drivers who are preoccupied with maps, food, cigarettes, cell phones, or other objects; drivers who appear to be involved in conversations with their passengers.

正确！解释：在冰霜堆积成为危险之前就应处理；若雨刷片上结冰，可能无法充分清洁挡风玻璃。请在安全地点停车并清除冰霜。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Before the ice buildup becomes dangerous you should stop in a safe location and clear off the ice. With ice on the wiper blade it might not clear the windshield enough for safe driving.

答对！说明：缓速器有助于车辆减速，降低对脚刹的依赖，减少刹车磨损，并提供另一种减速手段。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Retarders help slow a vehicle, reducing the need for using your brakes. They reduce brake wear and give you another way to slow down.

正确！解释：总停车距离 = 感知距离 + 反应距离 + 制动距离；（空气制动车辆还需计入制动滞后距离）。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Stopping distance is the sum of your Perception Distance + Reaction Distance + Braking Distance. In vehicles with air brakes you must include the brake lag distance.

正确！解释：基本升挡流程是：松油门→踩离合→挂高一挡→松离合并逐步加油；不要在踩离合时加速或做无关操作。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Basic method for shifting up: release accelerator, push in clutch and shift to neutral at the same time. Release clutch. Let engine and gears slow down to the rpm required for the next gear. Push in clutch and shift to the higher gear at the same time. Release clutch and press accelerator at the same time.

答对！解释：通过点刹让刹车灯闪烁来警示后车，避免突然停车。若前方有需要减速的危险，应提前点刹提醒后车。拂晓、黄昏、下雨或下雪时要让自己更醒目，请打开车灯。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Warn following drivers by flashing your brake lights, don’t stop suddenly. If you see a hazard that will require slowing down, warn the drivers behind by flashing your brake lights. At dawn, dusk, in rain, or snow, you need to make yourself easier to see so turn on your lights.

正确！说明：前轮每个主要沟槽的胎纹必须至少 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎至少 2/32 英寸。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You must have at least 4/32-inch tread depth in every major groove on front tires and at least 2/32-inch on other tires

正确！解释：在下坡强行让自动变速箱降档可能损伤变速箱并丧失发动机制动，但不会影响转向。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Forcing an automatic transmission into a lower gear at high speed could damage the transmission and also lead to loss of all engine braking effect.

正确！说明：需要时再使用喇叭。滥用喇叭可能惊扰他人，带来危险。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Use your horn when needed. However, it can startle others and could be dangerous when used unnecessarily.

正确！解释：不要直视强光；把视线移到车道右缘或道路右侧的边线，必要时减速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Don’t look directly at bright lights when driving. Look at the right side of the road. Watch the sidelines when someone coming toward you has very bright lights on.

完全正确！解释：应会检查 形皮带的松紧与磨损；皮带过松会导致水泵/风扇运转不良，造成过热；同时检查是否有裂纹或其他磨损迹象。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Learn how to check v-belt tightness on your vehicle by pressing on the belts. Loose belts will not turn the water pump and/or fan properly. This will result in overheating. Also, check belts for cracking or other signs of wear.

正确！解释：尽量不要急踩刹车；沿路肩减速至约 20 英里/小时，再平顺且可控地回到车道。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If possible, avoid using the brakes until your speed has dropped to about 20 mph, and gently return to the road.

完全正确！解释：在安全且合法时使用远光灯；当与会车车辆的距离小于约 500 英尺时，应改用近光。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Use high beams when it is safe and legal to do so. Use them when you are not within 500 feet of an approaching vehicle.

答对！说明：重心高意味着大量载荷位于离地较高的位置，使车辆头重脚轻，更容易发生侧翻。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: High center of gravity means that much of the load’s weight is carried high up off the road. This makes the vehicle top-heavy and easy to roll over.

答对！解释：制动片不可过薄，也不应沾有制动液；钢板弹簧缺片同样非常危险。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Brake pads should not be dangerously thin or have fluid on them, and a missing leaf in the leaf spring suspension is very dangerous.

正确！解释：在酷热天气，路面沥青常会上浮渗出；出现“出油”的路段非常湿滑。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Tar in the road pavement frequently rises to the surface in very hot weather. Spots where tar “bleeds” to the surface are very slippery.

完全正确！说明：在液压制动系统中，制动反应延迟、踏板松软或脚感异常、车辆向一侧跑偏，都可能意味着存在故障。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: With hydraulic systems a delay in braking, spongy or unusual feeling pedal, or pulling to one side or the other can mean there are issues.

完全正确！解释：优秀驾驶员会把视线放在前方至少 12–15 秒处，即车辆在 12–15 秒内将要行驶的距离。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Most good drivers look at least 12 to 15 seconds ahead. That means looking ahead the distance you will travel in 12 to 15 seconds.

正确！说明：速度已上来后不要再尝试降挡；此时无法挂入低挡，甚至可能挂不上任何挡位，从而完全丧失发动机制动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Do not try to downshift after your speed has already built up. You will not be able to shift into a lower gear. You may not even be able to get back into any gear and all engine braking effect will be lost.

正确！解释：前端头板（亦称“防撞架”）可在发生碰撞或紧急制动时保护驾驶员；车辆前端结构应能阻止所载货物向前移动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Front-end header boards (“headache racks”) protect you from your cargo in case of a crash or emergency stop. The front-end structure should block the forward movement of any cargo you carry.

答对！说明：正在燃烧的轮胎必须冷却，通常需要大量用水。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: A burning tire must be cooled. Lots of water may be required.

完全正确！说明：车辆检查的一部分是确认车辆不过载，且货物分布平衡并已正确固定。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: As part of your Vehicle inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly.

正确！解释：出发后前 50 英里内检查货物及其系固装置，并根据需要进行调整。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Inspect the cargo and its securing devices within the first 50 miles after beginning a trip. Make any adjustments needed.

正确！说明：以下挂车易在抬高道口搁底：低底盘车（低平板、运车车、搬家车、肚腹式牲畜拖车）。另外，单轴牵引车牵引为双轴牵引车设置支腿高度的长挂车也易被卡。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: These trailers can get stuck on raised crossings: Low slung units (lowboy, car carrier, moving van, possum-belly livestock trailer). Single-axle tractor pulling a long trailer with its landing gear set to accommodate a tandem-axle tractor.

正确！解释：检查是否缺少**螺母、螺栓或开口销**以及其他部件；若缺失，必须维修后再上路。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Check for missing nuts, bolts, cotter keys, or other parts.

正确！说明：若路肩安全，应继续在路肩上行驶直至完全停稳；回到车道前要打转向并观察后视镜。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If the shoulder is clear, stay on it until your vehicle has come to a stop. Signal and check your mirrors before pulling back onto the road.

正确！解释：驶出高速前先完成必要的观察与信号提示，在匝道内平稳减速；切勿在弯中才降挡或在匝道顶端紧急停车。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: When exiting the expressway: Make necessary traffic checks, use proper signals, decelerate smoothly in the exit lane.

完全正确！解释：车辆必须配备紧急设备：灭火器、备用保险丝（若配有断路器可例外）以及用于停车时的警示装置。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Vehicles must be equipped with emergency equipment. Look for: fire extinguisher(s), spare electrical fuses (unless equipped with circuit breakers), and warning devices for parked vehicles.

没错！说明：车辆起火的常见原因包括：燃油泄漏、错误使用照明信号火炬（flares）、轮胎气压不足、双胎互相接触、短路与接线松动、加油不当、油路接头松动、易燃货物、封装或装载不当、通风不良等。 / Right! EXPLANATION: The following are some causes of vehicle fires: spilled fuel, improper use of flares, under-inflated tires , duals that touch, short circuits, loose connections, improper fueling, loose fuel connections, flammable cargo, improperly sealed or loaded cargo or with poor ventilation.

完全正确！说明：正确换挡很重要；行驶中若挂不上合适挡位，你对车辆的控制力会下降。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Correct shifting of gears is important. If you can’t get your vehicle into the right gear while driving, you will have less control.

没错！说明：受控制动是指在不使车轮抱死的前提下尽可能用力制动。进行该操作时方向盘转动要尽量小；若需要大幅转向或车轮已抱死，应松开刹车。即便需要抱死，也只能持续极短时间；随后应尽快重新施加制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Controlled Braking: applying the brakes as hard as you can without locking the wheels. Keep steering wheel movements very small while doing this. If you need to make a larger steering adjustment or if the wheels lock, release the brakes, brakes should only be locked for a short period of time. Re-apply the brakes as soon as you can.

没错！说明：由于无法看清车后的一切，倒车始终有风险。能不倒车就避免；必须倒车时：从合适的位置开始、看清倒车路径、左右后视镜并用、缓慢倒车、尽量朝驾驶员侧倒并转向、尽量使用手势清晰的指挥员。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: Start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver’s side whenever possible, and use a helper with clear hand signals whenever possible.

正确！说明：根据路况适时调整，避免转向过度、过度加速或过度制动。路况包括附着力、弯道、能见度、车流和坡道等。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Don’t over steer, over accelerate, or over brake by adjusting to conditions while driving. These include traction, curves, visibility, traffic and hills.

正确！说明：最重要的是选择不过快的安全车速，要综合考虑：车辆与货物的总重、下坡的长度与坡度、路况以及天气。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Your most important consideration is to select a speed that is not too fast for the: total weight of the vehicle and cargo, length of the grade, steepness of the grade, road conditions, and weather.

没错！说明：应每 8–10 秒查看一次后视镜，以随时掌握车周情况。 / Right! EXPLANATION: You should check your mirrors every 8 to 10 seconds to know what is going on around your vehicle at all times.

答对！解释：在压实的积雪上应将车速降低至少一半；若路面结冰，降速至爬行，并在确保安全时尽快停止行驶。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: On packed snow, reduce speed by a half, or more. If the surface is icy, reduce speed to a crawl and stop driving as soon as you can safely do so.

正确！解释：应检查轮胎的安装与气压；不要放气；若轮胎烫得摸不住，应停车等待其冷却。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Check the tire mounting and air pressure, inspect the tires every two hours or every 100 miles, air pressure increases with temperature, do not let air out or the pressure will be too low when the tires cool off, if a tire is too hot to touch remain stopped until the tire cools off.

答对！说明：你无法看清车后的一切，因此倒车始终危险。能不倒车就避免；必须倒车时：从合适位置开始、观察倒行路线、两侧后视镜并用、慢速倒车、尽量朝驾驶员一侧倒并转向，并尽量配合手势清晰的指挥员。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: Start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver’s side whenever possible, and use a helper with clear hand signals whenever possible.

答对！说明：路面湿滑时，刹车距离更长、转向更易打滑。湿路上的制动距离可能加倍，应降低车速并平缓减速。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: I It will take longer to stop, and it will be harder to turn without skidding, when the road is slippery. Wet roads can double stopping distance at any speed, reduce speed, and slow down gradually on a wet road.

完全正确！说明：道路施工属于危险情形，可能出现车道变窄、急弯或路面不平。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: When people are working on the road, it is a hazard. There may be narrower lanes, sharp turns, or uneven surfaces.

答对！解释：汽油火可用适当灭火器材或窒息法（湿布、羊毛、沙土、泥土或灰）扑灭；不要用清水直接喷淋。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Gasoline fires may be extinguished by smothering with wet rags, woolen cloth, sand, earth or ashes.

完全正确！解释：强风会使车辆难以保持在本车道内；轻型车辆受影响更明显，驶出隧道时尤其严重。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Strong winds make it difficult to stay in your lane. The problem is usually worse for lighter vehicles. This problem can be especially bad coming out of tunnels.