气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：当主气压丢失时，弹簧制动会自动介入。有些车辆配有独立的储气筒，可用来释放弹簧制动，以便在紧急情况下把车辆挪动一小段距离。 / EXPLANATION: When main air pressure is lost, the spring brakes come on. Some vehicles have a separate air tank which can be used to release the spring brakes. This is so you can move the vehicle in an emergency.

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如果你的卡车或客车配有双驻车控制阀，这意味着你可以利用来自独立储气筒的气压来： / If your truck or bus has dual parking control valves it means that you can use pressure from a separate tank to:

当主储气筒气压偏低时提供额外制动力。 / Apply more brake pressure if the main tank is getting low.

在不消耗行车制动气压的情况下保持驻车。 / Stay parked without using up service air pressure.

释放弹簧制动以便短距离移动。 / Release the spring brakes to move a short distance.

解释：高温会使制动衬片发生化学变化而降低摩擦，同时会使制动鼓热膨胀，引发制动衰退。 / EXPLANATION: Brake fade results from excessive heat causing chemical changes in the brake lining, which reduce friction, and also causing expansion of the brake drums.

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过度使用行车制动会导致过热，进而引起： / Excessive use of the service brakes may result in overheating, which can lead to

S 形凸轮调整不当。 / improper adjustment of the S-cams.

制动鼓膨胀。 / expansion of the brake drums.

制动鼓与衬片之间接触更紧密。 / increased contact between the brake drums and the brake linings.

解释：一旦低气压警报灯/蜂鸣器响起，应立即把车辆安全地停住，此时你仍能控制刹车。 / EXPLANATION: When the low air pressure warning light and buzzer first come on, bring the vehicle to a safe stop right away, while you can still control the brakes.

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以下选项中，低气压警报一亮起首先要做的是： / Of the choices below, the first thing to do when a low air pressure warning comes on is:

调整踏板行程让踏板更深。 / Adjust the brake pedal for more travel.

升档。 / Up shift.

尽快安全停车并靠边。 / Stop and safely park as soon as possible.

解释：所有空气制动车辆都有与储气筒相连的压力表，用来显示储气筒中的气压。 / EXPLANATION: All vehicles with air brakes have a pressure gauge connected to the air tank, and it tells you how much pressure is in the air tanks.

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供气压力表向驾驶员显示： / The supply pressure gauge shows the driver how much pressure:

本次行程已使用多少压力。 / Has been used in this trip.

储气筒中的气压。 / Is in the air tanks.

正输送到各制动室的气压。 / Is being sent to the brake chambers.

解释：即使没有 ABS，你仍然拥有正常的制动功能，按平时方式驾驶和制动即可，但应尽快检修 ABS。 / EXPLANATION: Without ABS you still have normal brake functions. Drive and brake as you always have.

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如果防抱死制动系统（ABS）失效，下列关于制动功能的说法哪项正确？ / Which of the following will be true about your brake function if your antilock braking system (ABS) fails?

它会把卡车减速直至停下，迫使你靠边。 / It will slow your truck to a halt and force you to pull over.

你将完全没有制动功能，车辆会失控。 / You will have no brake function and your truck will be out of control.

你仍然具备正常的制动功能，只需要尽快修好 ABS。 / You will still have normal brake function and will just need to get the ABS repaired soon.

可能影响其他机械系统并带来巨大火灾风险。 / It may cause problems with other mechanical systems and possibly pose a huge fire risk.

解释：在气压充满后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放行车制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 2 psi；在踩住制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 3 psi。 / Right! EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicle brakes released, and three with the brakes applied.

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在发动机关闭、释放制动的情况下，直卡或巴士空气制动系统的泄漏率每分钟不应超过____ psi。 / A straight truck or bus air brake system should not leak at a rate of more than ____ psi per minute with the engine off and the brakes released.

1 / 1

2 / 2

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解释：寒冷天气每天检查酒精容器并按需补充。 / EXPLANATION: Check the alcohol container and fill up as necessary, every day during cold weather.

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若车辆配有酒精蒸发器，在寒冷天气里你每天应该： / If your vehicle has an alcohol evaporator, every day during cold weather you should:

检查并补充酒精液位。 / Check and fill the alcohol level.

用酒精清洗空气滤清器。 / Clean the air filter with alcohol

更换成新瓶酒精。 / Change the alcohol from a new bottle.

解释：空气制动实际上包含三套系统：行车制动、驻车制动与紧急制动；无线电通信系统不属于空气制动系统。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

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下列哪一项不属于空气制动系统？ / Which of the following is NOT part of the air brake system?

驻车制动系统 / Parking brake system

紧急制动系统 / Emergency brake system

行车制动系统 / Service brake system

无线电通信系统 / Radio signal system

解释：弹簧制动的效果依赖于制动系统处于正确的调整状态。如果调整不当，常用制动和紧急/驻车制动都会工作不良。 / EXPLANATION: The braking power of spring brakes depends on the brakes being in adjustment. If the brakes are not adjusted properly, neither the regular brakes nor the emergency/parking brakes will work right.

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弹簧制动的制动力： / The braking power of the spring brakes:

不受行车制动状况影响。 / Is not affected by the condition of the service brakes.

在行车制动过热时会增强。 / Increases when the service brakes are hot.

取决于行车制动的调整状况。 / Depends on the adjustment of the service brakes.

解释：调压阀（governor）控制压缩机的启停；当储气筒压力达到约 125 psi 的“切断”值时停止充气；当压力降至约 100 psi 的“接通”值时再次启动充气。 / EXPLANATION: The governor controls when the air compressor will pump air into the air storage tanks. When air tank pressure rises to the "cut-out" level around 125 psi, the governor stops the compressor from pumping air. When the tank pressure falls to the "cut-in" pressure around 100 psi, the governor allows the compressor to start pumping again.

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当气压达到 ____ psi 时，空气压缩机将停止向储气筒充气。 / The air compressor will stop pumping air into the air tanks at ____ psi.

125 psi / 125

100 psi / 100

150 psi / 150

解释：压缩空气通常含有水和少量压缩机油，这对空气制动系统不利。例如，水在寒冷天气会结冰并导致制动失效。 / EXPLANATION: Compressed air usually has some water and some compressor oil in it, which is bad for the air brake system. For example, the water can freeze in cold weather and cause brake failure.

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如果不排空储气筒中的水油， / If the air tanks are not drained,

变速箱油可能会漏光。 / your transmission fluid may drain out.

水结冰可能导致制动失效。 / your brakes may fail because of water freezing.

你会开得太快。 / you will drive too quickly.

左侧制动会停止工作。 / your left side brake will cease to operate.

解释：有些车辆仪表台上有一个手柄，可**逐步**施加弹簧制动，称为“调制阀”。它带弹簧阻尼，可提供脚感；你把手柄推得越多，弹簧制动施加得越重。若行车制动失效，可用它来控制制动。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: In some vehicles, a control handle on the dash board may be used to apply the spring brakes gradually. This is called a modulating valve. It is spring loaded, so you have a feel for the braking action. The more you move the control lever, the harder the spring brakes come on. They work this way, so you can control the spring brakes if the service brakes fail.

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调制控制阀（modulating control valve）是指： / The modulating control valve is?

一种带弹簧的阀门，行车制动失效时可让你逐步施加制动。 / A spring-loaded valve that will let you put on the brakes on slowly if the service brakes fail.

并不存在这种装置。 / There is no such thing.

非常不安全，不能使用。 / Should not be used because it is very unsafe.

解释：每次停车都应使用驻车制动：拉出控制旋钮施加，按下释放。 / EXPLANATION: Any time you park use the parking brakes. Pull the parking brake control knob out to apply the parking brakes, push it in to release.

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空气制动车辆的驻车制动应在何时使用： / In air brake vehicles, the parking brakes should be used:

仅在出车前/收车后检查时。 / Only during pre and post trip inspections.

下坡时用来控制车速。 / To hold your speed when going downhill.

每次停车时。 / Whenever the vehicle is parked.

解释：踩踏越重，施加到制动器的气压越大；松开踏板则减压并释放制动。 / EXPLANATION: You put on the brakes by pushing down the brake pedal. Pushing the pedal down harder applies more air pressure. Letting up on the brake pedal reduces the air pressure and releases the brakes.

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空气制动系统中的制动踏板： / The brake pedal in an air brake system:

正常行驶时可当脚踏休息。 / Is to be used as a footrest during normal driving.

控制空气压缩机转速。 / Controls the speed of the air compressor.

控制施加到制动器上的气压。 / Controls the air pressure applied to the brakes.

解释：牵引车和直卡的弹簧制动会在气压降至 20–45 psi（通常 20–30 psi）时完全介入。 / EXPLANATION: Tractor and straight truck spring brakes will come fully on when air pressure drops to a range of 20 to 45 psi (typically 20 to 30 psi).

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牵引车和直卡的弹簧制动会在气压降至下列范围时完全介入： / Tractor and straight truck spring brakes will come fully on when the air pressure drops to a range of

10 到 15 psi / 10 to 15 psi.

60 到 80 psi / 60 to 80 psi.

20 到 45 psi / 20 to 45 psi.

解释：陡坡下行采用“缓压/点刹（snub）”法：刹到比“安全速度”**低约 5 mph** 时松开；当车速回到安全速度时再重复。 / EXPLANATION: Snub braking method is used for steep downhill grades, in this method apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your "safe" speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your "safe" speed, repeat.

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在长且陡的下坡路段，当达到“安全速度”后，应制动至车速 / On a long or steep downgrade, once you have reached your "safe" speed, brake until you are traveling

再慢 10 mph。 / 10 mph slower.

再慢 15 mph。 / 15 mph slower.

再慢 5 mph。 / 5 mph slower.

解释：研究表明，前轮制动在各种天气和驾驶条件下都适用；即便在结冰路面，前轮制动也不太可能引发侧滑。 / EXPLANATION: Front wheel brakes have been shown to be ideal under all weather and driving conditions. Front wheel braking is unlikely to cause a skid even on icy roads.

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在哪些条件下前轮制动是合适/有效的？ / Under which conditions are front wheel brakes good?

无 / None

仅在潮湿或结冰条件下 / Wet or icy conditions only

各种天气条件下 / All weather conditions

只在良好天气 / Good weather only

解释：陡坡下行应使用“缓压/点刹（snub）”法：施加足够的制动让车速明显下降；当速度降至比“安全速度”低约 5 mph 时松开刹车；当车速回到“安全速度”时重复。 / EXPLANATION: Snub braking method is used for steep downhill grades, in this method apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your "safe" speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your "safe" speed, repeat.

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下长而陡的坡时，你应该： / When driving down a long steep hill you should:

当车速高于安全速度 10 mph 时开始制动。 / Begin braking when you are 10 mph above your safe speed.

使用点踩（stab）制动法。 / Use stab braking.

当车速低于“安全速度”5 mph 时松开制动。 / Release the brake when you are 5 mph below your "safe" speed.

解释：行驶中强力弹簧被气压顶住不介入；一旦气压消失，弹簧就会施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: When driving, powerful springs are held back by air pressure. If the air pressure is removed, the springs put on the brakes.

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正常行驶时，是什么力量将弹簧制动“顶住”而不介入？ / During normal driving, spring brakes are usually held back by:

离心力 / Centrifugal force

气压 / Air pressure

弹簧力 / Spring pressure

解释：多数重型车出于安全采用双回路系统：两套独立空气制动共用一套操控装置；通常主系统管后桥，副系统管前桥（有时也管一部分后桥）。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Most heavy-duty vehicles use dual air brake systems for safety. A dual air brake system has two separate air brake systems, which use a single set of brake controls. One system or primary system typically operates the regular brakes on the rear axle or axles. The other or secondary system operates the regular brakes on the front axle and possibly one rear axle.

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关于双回路空气制动系统（dual air brake system），以下哪项正确？ / Which of the following are true about a dual air brake system?

一套叫“主”系统（primary），另一套叫“副”系统（secondary）。 / One system is called the "primary" system and the other one is called the "secondary" system.

使用同一套制动操控装置。 / It uses a single set of brake controls.

以上均正确。 / All of the above are true.

通常一套管前轴，另一套管后轴。 / Usually, one system operates the front axle and the other one operates the rear axle.

解释：在一些车辆上，仪表台的控制手柄可逐步施加弹簧制动，称为调制阀。它有弹簧回馈，手感清晰；手柄推得越多，弹簧制动施加得越重。 / EXPLANATION: In some vehicles a control handle on the dash board may be used to apply the spring brakes gradually. This is called a modulating valve. It is spring-loaded, so you have a feel for the braking action. The more you move the control lever, the harder the spring brakes come on.

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调制控制阀（modulating control valve）允许你控制： / The modulating control valve allows you to control the

前轮制动。 / front brakes.

弹簧制动。 / spring brakes.

制动系统中的压力大小。 / amount of pressure in the brake system.

解释：交通部要求：**1998 年 3 月 1 日及以后**生产的空气制动车辆必须配备 ABS。 / EXPLANATION: The Department of Transportation requires that ABS be on: air brake vehicles built on or after March 1, 1998.

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如何判断车辆是否配备了防抱死制动系统（ABS）？ / How can you tell if your vehicle is equipped with an antilock braking system (ABS)?

ABS 仍是可选配置。 / ABS is still optional.

查看是否为 1998 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 1998.

查看是否为 2010 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 2010.

查看是否为 2000 年后出厂。 / Check if the vehicle was manufactured after 2000.

解释：驾驶室内的驻车制动控制可让弹簧制动回路**排气**，由弹簧施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: A parking brake control in the cab allows the driver to let the air out of the spring brakes. This lets the springs put the brakes on.

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在正常情况下要施加驻车制动，应当 / To apply the parking brakes under normal conditions,

确保空气制动系统气压充足。 / be sure the air brake system is fully pressurized.

关闭发动机。 / turn off the engine.

让制动室中的空气排出。 / let the air out of the brake chambers.

解释：对手动行程调节器，在释放制动的状态下手拉推杆，位移不应超过约 1 英寸。 / EXPLANATION: For manual slack adjustors, the brake pushrod should not move more than one inch, with the brakes released, when pulled by hand.

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检查 S 形凸轮制动的手动行程调节器自由行程时，你应当： / To check the free play of manual slack adjusters on S-cam brakes you should:

在平坦地面停车、垫好轮挡，并释放驻车制动。 / Park on level ground, chock the wheels, and release the parking brakes.

在平坦地面停车并拉起驻车制动。 / Stop on level ground and apply the parking brakes.

在平坦地面停车并在调整前放空气压。 / Park on level ground and drain off air pressure before adjusting.

解释：点踩制动指的是：先把制动踩到底；一旦车轮抱死就松开；只要车轮重新滚动，就再次把制动踩到底。 / EXPLANATION: Stab braking means that you: apply your brakes all the way, and release brakes when wheels lock up. As soon as the wheels start rolling, apply the brakes fully again.

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使用空气制动进行紧急停车时，若采用“点踩制动法（stab braking）”，你应当： / To make an emergency stop with air brakes, using the stab braking method, you should:

尽可能用力制动；车轮抱死时松开；车轮开始转动后再次重踩制动。 / Brake as hard as you can, get off the brakes when the wheels lock, get back on the brakes when the wheels start rolling again.

快速而轻地反复踩踏制动踏板。 / Pump the brake pedal rapidly and lightly.

一直用力制动直到车轮抱死，然后以同样时长松开制动。 / Brake hard until the wheels lock, and then get off the brakes for as much time as the wheels were locked.

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