气刹测试 – 卡友助手

气刹知识测试

题库共有100题，每次随机刷新25题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

解释：即使没有 ABS，你仍然拥有正常的制动功能，按平时方式驾驶和制动即可，但应尽快检修 ABS。 / EXPLANATION: Without ABS you still have normal brake functions. Drive and brake as you always have.

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如果防抱死制动系统（ABS）失效，下列关于制动功能的说法哪项正确？ / Which of the following will be true about your brake function if your antilock braking system (ABS) fails?

它会把卡车减速直至停下，迫使你靠边。 / It will slow your truck to a halt and force you to pull over.

你仍然具备正常的制动功能，只需要尽快修好 ABS。 / You will still have normal brake function and will just need to get the ABS repaired soon.

你将完全没有制动功能，车辆会失控。 / You will have no brake function and your truck will be out of control.

可能影响其他机械系统并带来巨大火灾风险。 / It may cause problems with other mechanical systems and possibly pose a huge fire risk.

解释：所有空气制动车辆都有与储气筒相连的压力表，用来显示储气筒中的气压。 / EXPLANATION: All vehicles with air brakes have a pressure gauge connected to the air tank, and it tells you how much pressure is in the air tanks.

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供气压力表向驾驶员显示： / The supply pressure gauge shows the driver how much pressure:

储气筒中的气压。 / Is in the air tanks.

本次行程已使用多少压力。 / Has been used in this trip.

正输送到各制动室的气压。 / Is being sent to the brake chambers.

解释：1998 年 3 月 1 日及以后生产的转换拖架必须配备 ABS，并在左侧装有一个黄色指示灯。 / EXPLANATION: Converter dollies built on or after March 1, 1998, are required to have antilock brakes. These dollies will have a yellow lamp on the left side of the dolly.

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装有 ABS 的转换拖架（converter dolly）必须配备 / A converter dolly with antilock brakes (ABS) is required to have

右侧安装白色指示灯。 / a white lamp on the right side.

左侧安装黄色指示灯。 / a yellow lamp on the left side.

左侧安装白色指示灯。 / a white lamp on the left side.

解释：所有配有空气制动的车辆都装有与储气筒相连的压力表。若为双回路系统，则每个回路各有一块压力表。 / EXPLANATION: All vehicles with air brakes have a pressure gauge connected to the air tank. If the vehicle has a dual air brake system, there will be a gauge for each half of the system.

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配有空气制动的车辆必须具备： / Air brake equipped vehicles must have:

至少两个制动加热器。 / At least two brake heaters.

空气使用表。 / An air use gauge.

供气压力表。 / A supply pressure gauge.

解释：空气制动实际上包含三套系统：行车制动、驻车制动与紧急制动；无线电通信系统不属于空气制动系统。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

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下列哪一项不属于空气制动系统？ / Which of the following is NOT part of the air brake system?

行车制动系统 / Service brake system

无线电通信系统 / Radio signal system

紧急制动系统 / Emergency brake system

驻车制动系统 / Parking brake system

解释：踩踏越重，施加到制动器的气压越大；松开踏板则减压并释放制动。 / EXPLANATION: You put on the brakes by pushing down the brake pedal. Pushing the pedal down harder applies more air pressure. Letting up on the brake pedal reduces the air pressure and releases the brakes.

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空气制动系统中的制动踏板： / The brake pedal in an air brake system:

正常行驶时可当脚踏休息。 / Is to be used as a footrest during normal driving.

控制空气压缩机转速。 / Controls the speed of the air compressor.

控制施加到制动器上的气压。 / Controls the air pressure applied to the brakes.

解释：频繁使用制动、未依赖发动机制动会产生过多热量引起衰退；制动调整不当也会加剧衰退或导致失效。 / EXPLANATION: Brakes can fade or fail from excessive heat caused by using them too much and not relying on the engine braking effect. Brake fade is also affected by adjustment.

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以下哪些会导致制动衰退或失效？ / Which of the following can cause brakes to fade or fail?

以上全部 / All of the above

制动器调校不当 / Brakes being out of adjustment

未充分利用发动机制动 / Not relying enough on engine braking

过度使用行车制动 / Excessive use of the service brakes

解释：驾驶室内的驻车制动控制可让弹簧制动回路**排气**，由弹簧施加制动。 / EXPLANATION: A parking brake control in the cab allows the driver to let the air out of the spring brakes. This lets the springs put the brakes on.

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在正常情况下要施加驻车制动，应当 / To apply the parking brakes under normal conditions,

让制动室中的空气排出。 / let the air out of the brake chambers.

关闭发动机。 / turn off the engine.

确保空气制动系统气压充足。 / be sure the air brake system is fully pressurized.

解释：在气压充满后，熄火、释放驻车制动并计时气压下降。单一车辆在释放行车制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 2 psi；在踩住制动时，每分钟泄漏应小于 3 psi。 / EXPLANATION: With a fully-charged air system, turn off the engine, release the parking brake, and time the air pressure drop. The loss rate should be less than two psi in one minute for single vehicle brakes released, and three with the brakes applied.

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在发动机关闭并踩住制动的情况下，直卡或巴士的气压泄漏率不应超过_____。 / Air loss in a straight truck or bus should not be more than _____ with the engine off and the brakes applied.

1 分钟内 3 psi / 3 psi in one minute

1 分钟内 1 psi / 1 psi in one minute

30 秒内 1 psi / 1 psi in 30 seconds

解释：双回路系统是两套独立的空气制动共用一套操控；通常一套管后桥，另一套管前桥（有时也管部分后桥）。失压的那套对应车轴的常用制动将无法完全工作。 / EXPLANATION: A dual air brake system has two separate air brake systems, which use a single set of brake controls. Each system has its own air tanks, hoses, lines, etc. One system typically operates the regular brakes on the rear axle or axles. The other system operates the regular brakes on the front axle and possibly one rear axle.

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车辆为双回路空气制动，其中一套失压会怎样？ / Your vehicle has a dual air brake system. One of the systems loses air pressure. What will happen?

紧急制动会立刻介入。 / The emergency brakes will come on immediately.

前桥或后桥的常用制动将不能完全工作。 / Either the front or rear brakes will not be fully operational.

手动行程调节器会被设错。 / The manual slack adjusters will not be set properly.

解释：调压阀（governor）控制压缩机的启停；当储气筒压力达到约 125 psi 的“切断”值时停止充气；当压力降至约 100 psi 的“接通”值时再次启动充气。 / EXPLANATION: The governor controls when the air compressor will pump air into the air storage tanks. When air tank pressure rises to the “cut-out” level around 125 psi, the governor stops the compressor from pumping air. When the tank pressure falls to the “cut-in” pressure around 100 psi, the governor allows the compressor to start pumping again.

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当气压达到 ____ psi 时，空气压缩机将停止向储气筒充气。 / The air compressor will stop pumping air into the air tanks at ____ psi.

150 psi / 150

125 psi / 125

100 psi / 100

解释：离车前应拉好驻车制动或垫好轮挡；例外是刹车*很烫*或*很湿且天气很冷*时，改用轮挡。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Never leave your vehicle unattended without applying the parking brakes or chocking the wheels. Your vehicle might roll away and cause injury and damage. Exceptions are when the brakes are very hot, or wet and it is very cold outside. In this case use wheel chocks.

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你应在何时使用驻车制动？ / When should you use the parking brake?

只在车辆很多的城市区域使用。 / Only in urban areas where there are many other vehicles

每次离开车辆时都要用（少数例外）。 / Every time you leave your vehicle, with a few exceptions

只有长时间离车时才用。 / Only if you are away from your vehicle for an extended period of time

任何时候只要离开车辆都要用。 / Every time you leave your vehicle for any length of time

解释：以约 5 mph 前进，踩下行车制动并完全停住；检查车辆是否跑偏，以及踩下刹车时能否如预期停住。 / EXPLANATION: Pull forward at 5 mph, apply the service brake and stop. Check to see that the vehicle does not pull to either side and that it stops when brake is applied.

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测试行车制动（service brakes）的方法是： / To test the air service brakes,

以低速倒车并果断制动。 / brake firmly while slowly moving backward.

停车、挂低速、踩住刹车，然后轻轻试拉。 / stop the vehicle, put it in low gear, depress the brake pedal, and then gently pull against the brakes.

以低速前行并果断制动。 / brake firmly while slowly moving forward.

解释：踩下制动踏板时，空气进入各制动室，气压顶出推杆带动行程调节器，从而扭转制动凸轮轴。S 形凸轮随之转动，使两片制动蹄分开并压向制动鼓内侧。 / EXPLANATION: When you push the brake pedal, air is let into each brake chamber. Air pressure pushes the rod out, moving the slack adjuster, thus twisting the brake camshaft. This turns the s-cam forcing the brake shoes away from one another and presses them against the inside of the brake drum.

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S 形凸轮（S-cam）用于做什么？ / What is the S-cam used for?

用于施加制动。 / To apply the brakes.

用于检查行程调节器。 / To test the slack adjusters.

用于释放制动。 / To release the brakes.

解释：无论是牵引车-挂车还是单一车辆，测试弹簧制动自动介入的方法与测试低气压报警类似：反复踩放制动踏板，这次要降到更低的气压，直到驻车制动阀关闭或弹出。 / EXPLANATION: On both tractor-trailers and single vehicles, to test whether the spring brakes will come on automatically, use the same method you use for testing the low air pressure warning signal: Step on and off the brake pedal, this time until you reach an even lower psi reading and the parking brake valve closes or pops out.

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测试车辆的弹簧制动是否会自动介入的最佳方法是什么？ / What is the best way to test if your vehicle’s spring brakes come on automatically?

在单一车辆上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On single vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

以上说法都正确。 / All of the above are correct.

反复踩放制动踏板，直到达到制造商规定的低气压值，此时弹簧制动应介入。 / Continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the manufacturer's low psi specification is met for spring brakes to deploy.

在牵引车-挂车上，反复踩放踏板，直到驻车制动阀弹出。 / On tractor-trailer vehicles, continue to step on and off the brake pedal until the parking brake valve pops out.

解释：总停车距离包含知觉距离、反应距离和制动距离。在 55 mph 时，车辆大约要行驶 450 英尺才能完全停下。 / EXPLANATION: The total minimum distance your vehicle has traveled, in ideal conditions; with everything considered, including perception distance, reaction distance and braking distance, until you can bring your vehicle to a complete stop. At 55 mph, your vehicle will travel about 450 feet.

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在理想条件下，一辆配备空气制动的卡车/客车以 55 mph 行驶，平均驾驶员需要的制动距离大约是？ / Under ideal conditions, the average driver of a truck or bus equipped with air brakes and traveling at 55 mph would require what stopping distance?

超过 400 英尺 / More than 400 feet

300 到 350 英尺 / 300 to 350 feet

100 到 250 英尺 / 100 to 250 feet

解释：压缩空气通常含有水与少量压缩机油，这对空气制动系统不利。例如水在寒冷天气会结冰，从而导致制动失效。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Compressed air usually has some water and some compressor oil in it, which is bad for the air brake system. For example, the water can freeze in cold weather and cause brake failure.

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如果油和水积存在储气筒里，制动可能会出现什么情况？ / If oil and water collects in the air tanks, what could happen to the brakes?

刹车可能失效。 / The brakes could fail.

刹车会发热。 / The brakes could heat up.

刹车会抱死。 / The brakes could lock up.

解释：制动方式应保证车辆保持直线并且在必要时仍能转向。可使用“控制制动”或“点踩制动（stab braking）”。 / EXPLANATION: You should brake in a way that will keep your vehicle in a straight line and allow you to turn if it becomes necessary. You can use the “controlled braking” method or the “stab braking” method.

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如果你必须紧急停车，制动方式应确保： / If you must make an emergency stop, you should brake so that you:

在重度刹车时也能大幅转向。 / Can steer hard while braking hard.

保持直线并能进行转向。 / Stay in a straight line and can steer.

把刹车踩到完全抱死。 / Use the full power of the brakes and lock them.

解释：陡坡下行应使用“缓压/点刹（snub）”法：施加足够的制动让车速明显下降；当速度降至比“安全速度”低约 5 mph 时松开刹车；当车速回到“安全速度”时重复。 / EXPLANATION: Snub braking method is used for steep downhill grades, in this method apply the brakes just hard enough to feel a definite slowdown. When your speed has been reduced to approximately five mph below your “safe” speed, release the brakes. When your speed has increased to your “safe” speed, repeat.

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下长而陡的坡时，你应该： / When driving down a long steep hill you should:

使用点踩（stab）制动法。 / Use stab braking.

当车速低于“安全速度”5 mph 时松开制动。 / Release the brake when you are 5 mph below your "safe" speed.

当车速高于安全速度 10 mph 时开始制动。 / Begin braking when you are 10 mph above your safe speed.

解释：空气制动实际上是三套系统：行车、驻车与紧急制动。 / EXPLANATION: Air brakes are really three different braking systems: service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake.

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现代空气制动由三套系统组成：行车制动、驻车制动，以及 _______ 制动。 / Modern air brake systems are three different systems combined: the service brakes, parking brakes, and _______ brakes.

S 形凸轮 / S-cam

紧急 / emergency

脚踏 / foot

解释：弹簧制动的效果依赖于制动系统处于正确的调整状态。如果调整不当，常用制动和紧急/驻车制动都会工作不良。 / EXPLANATION: The braking power of spring brakes depends on the brakes being in adjustment. If the brakes are not adjusted properly, neither the regular brakes nor the emergency/parking brakes will work right.

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弹簧制动的制动力： / The braking power of the spring brakes:

在行车制动过热时会增强。 / Increases when the service brakes are hot.

取决于行车制动的调整状况。 / Depends on the adjustment of the service brakes.

不受行车制动状况影响。 / Is not affected by the condition of the service brakes.

解释：在干燥路面、时速 55 英里时，空气制动的迟滞会额外增加约 32 英尺的距离。 / EXPLANATION: The air brake lag distance at 55 mph on dry pavement adds about 32 feet.

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在时速 55 英里时，制动迟滞造成的距离约为多少英尺？ / Brake lag distance at 55 mph is _____ feet?

23 英尺 / 23

50 英尺 / 50

32 英尺 / 32

解释：牵引车保护阀可在挂车脱离或发生严重泄漏时**保持牵引车**制动系统内的空气；当气压过低（通常 **20–45 psi**）时会自动关闭。 / EXPLANATION: The tractor protection valve keeps air in the tractor or truck brake system should the trailer break away or develop a bad leak, and it will close automatically if air pressure is low (typically 20-45 psi).

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牵引车保护阀（tractor protection valve） / The tractor protection valve

以上皆是。 / does all of the above.

为制动系统提供供气。 / provides the air supply for the brake system.

当你拉起驻车制动时会关闭。 / will close if you apply the parking brakes.

当供气降到某一水平时会自动关闭。 / will close automatically if the air supply drops to a certain level.

解释：低气压警报亮起，应尽快安全停车并靠边。 / EXPLANATION: If the low air pressure warning comes on, stop and safely park your vehicle as soon as possible.

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若低气压警报亮起，你首先应该做什么？ / What is the first thing you should do if the low air pressure warning comes on?

升挡。 / Upshift.

停车。 / Stop.

降挡。 / Downshift.

解释：要让车辆停下，制动蹄/衬片会被压向制动鼓内侧，通过摩擦来减速。 / EXPLANATION: To stop, the brake shoes and linings are pushed against the inside of the drum. This causes friction, which slows the vehicle.

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要使制动处于施加状态，制动衬片应当_____？ / The brake pads should be _____ for the brakes to be on?

磨损到危险的薄度。 / Worn dangerously thin.

贴紧制动鼓。 / Against the drum.

与行程调节器断开连接。 / Disconnected from the slack adjusters.

磨损到 1/32 英寸。 / Worn 1/32 of an inch.

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