组合车辆测试

组合车辆测试

题库共有99题，每次随机刷新20题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

完全正确！解释：先用低速档开始摇起支腿，脱重后换高速档并**完全收起**；切勿让其只升到一半——可能会**挂到道口**等障碍。收好后把摇柄固定在支架上。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Use low gear range to begin raising the landing gear, once free of weight, switch to the high gear range. Raise the landing gear all the way up. Never drive with landing gear only part way up as it may catch on railroad tracks or other things. After raising landing gear, secure the crank handle safely.

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已与半挂车完成挂接。起步前，挂车前支腿应置于何种位置？ / You have coupled with a semi-trailer. In what position should you put the front trailer supports before driving away?

完全正确！解释：有些车型不易辨认。查看车底是否有电子控制单元（ECU）与从制动器后部引出的车轮速度传感器线。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: It may be difficult to tell if some units are equipped with ABS. Look under the vehicle for the electronic control unit (ECU) and wheel speed sensor wires coming from the back of the brakes.

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在强制安装 ABS 之前，某些车辆早已配备。如何检查你的车辆是否装有 ABS？ / Even before antilock braking systems (ABS) were required, some vehicles already had them. How can you check if your vehicle has ABS?

正确！解释：测试挂车制动前应先给系统充气——按入红色挂车供气旋钮，或把牵引车保护阀拨到“**正常**”位置，待气压正常后再开始测试。 / Right! EXPLANATION: To test the trailer air brake system, first charge it with air. Push in the red trailer air supply knob or place the tractor protection valve control in the “normal” position. Wait until the air pressure reaches normal before you start your tests.

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在连接牵引车与半挂车时，要测试挂车空气制动，应把牵引车保护阀控制置于什么位置？ / When coupling a tractor-semitrailer, to test the trailer air brakes, you should place the tractor protection valve control in what position?

正确！解释：行车气路也称**控制线（control line）**或**信号线（signal line）**，由脚刹或挂车手控阀控制气流。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: The service line, also called the control line or signal line, carries air controlled by the foot brake or the trailer hand brake.

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行车气路（service air line）的别称是： / What are the other names for the service air line?

答对了！解释：挂车开始形成折刀（jackknife）的最早迹象，是你会从后视镜里看到它向外摆动。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: The earliest way to notice that your trailer is jackknifing is to see it swinging out in your mirrors.

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判断挂车是否开始侧滑的最佳方法是 / The best way to tell if your trailer has started to skid is to

正确！解释：牵引车保护阀关闭时会阻止牵引车空气外泄，并放空挂车应急管路，使挂车**紧急制动**介入。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When the tractor protection valve closes, it stops any air from going out of the tractor. It also lets the air out of the trailer emergency line. This causes the trailer emergency brakes to come on

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当制动管路发生重大泄漏时，牵引车保护阀会关闭，挂车的 _______ 制动会介入。 / The tractor protection valve will close and the trailer _______ brakes will come on when there is a major leak in the brake line.

答对了！解释：联邦法规规定：货物超出车尾 4 英尺以上，**白天**须在末端悬挂红旗（每面 18 英寸见方）；**夜间**须在末端装两盏红灯。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: According to federal regulations, if the load projects more than 4 feet behind the rear of the vehicle, the end of the load must be marked as follows: (1) with red flags, each 18 inches square, in the daytime; or (2) with two red lights at night.

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夜间，如果货物超出车尾 4 英尺（约 1.2 米）或以上，货物的最末端必须悬挂 _______ 。 / At night, when a vehicle is carrying a load that extends four feet or more beyond the rear of the body, there must be _______ at the extreme end of the load.

正确！解释：检查锁紧杆是否处于锁定位置；若不能锁定，则挂接尚未完成。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Check that the locking lever is in the lock position. If the locking lever does not go into the locked position the coupling is not complete.

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若五轮锁紧杆在钳口已抱住牵引销后仍未锁定，这意味着： / The fifth wheel locking lever is not locked after the jaws close around the kingpin; this means:

完全正确！解释：车辆的**重心高度**对操控很重要；重心越高，越容易翻车。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The height of the vehicle’s center of gravity is very important for safe handling. A high center of gravity means you are more likely to tip over.

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通常而言，卡车的重心越高， / In general, the higher your truck’s center of gravity, the

完全正确！解释：检查时要确保不超载，货物**分布均匀且捆扎牢固**，并尽量降低重心。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: As part of your Vehicle inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly.

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为防止侧翻，货物应当 / To prevent rollover, cargo should be

答对了！解释：反复踩放踏板使气压下降到 **20–45 psi**，这会使**弹簧制动介入**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: – 45 psi. This will cause the spring brakes to come on.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，给挂车制动系统充气、熄火，然后 / To test the tractor protection valve, charge the trailer air brake system, turn off the engine, and

正确！解释：确保气管和电缆**不缠绕、不被夹、不拖地**，并留有**足够转弯余量**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled, pinched, dragging against tractor parts, and have enough slack for turns.

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连接牵引车与挂车的气管和电缆应当： / Air and electrical lines from the tractor to the trailer should be

正确！解释：有些车辆配有“死端”假接头，未用时把手爪接头接上去，可防止**水和尘土**进入接头与气管。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Some vehicles have “dead end” or dummy couplers to which the hoses may be attached when they are not in use. This will prevent water and dirt from getting into the coupler and the air-lines.

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如果车辆配有假接头（dummy couplers），为什么要把手爪接头（glad hands）接到它们上？ / If your vehicle is equipped with dummy couplers, why should you connect the glad hands to them?

正确！解释：一个常用规则：**40 mph 以下**，每 **10 英尺**车长至少留 **1 秒**；更高速度需再**多加 1 秒**。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

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良好路况下，每当你的车长增加 ___ 英尺，就应与前车至少多留出一秒的时距。 / Under good driving conditions, you should leave at least one second of space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ___ feet of your vehicle’s length.

完全正确！解释：大型组合车在**空载**时比满载更难刹住；悬架更硬、制动更猛，抓地差、更容易抱死并导致折叠。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Large combination vehicles take longer to stop when they are empty than when they are fully loaded. When empty, the very stiff suspension springs and strong brakes give poor traction and make it very easy to lock up the wheels causing the tractor to jackknife.

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挂车最可能发生折叠（jackknife）的情况是： / A trailer is most likely to jackknife when it is

对！解释：连接手爪接头时，让两只接头相对成**90°**，并压紧密封圈。 / Right! EXPLANATION: When connecting the glad hands, press the two seals together with the couplers at a 90-degree angle to each other.

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连接手爪接头（glad hands）时应以多少角度对接？ / At what angle do you hold your airline glad hands when connecting them?

完全正确！解释：行车气路的大泄漏在你踩刹车前未必明显；一旦踩下，压力会迅速降低，降到足够低时，挂车**紧急/弹簧制动**会介入。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: You may not notice a major leak in the service line until you try to put the brakes on. Then, the air loss from the leak will lower the air tank pressure quickly. If it goes low enough, the trailer emergency brakes will come on.

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行车气路发生重大泄漏且你踩下刹车时，行车气压会泄掉并导致： / You have a major leak in the service line, and you put on the brakes. Service air pressure will escape and cause the:

正确！解释：要同时检查两处间隙：牵引车车架尾部与支腿之间；牵引车后轮胎顶端与挂车鼻部之间。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Check for enough clearance between rear of tractor frame and landing gear and between the top of the tractor tires and the nose of the trailer.

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挂车前支腿已收起、挂车已落在牵引车上，这时需要确认： / The front trailer supports are up, and the trailer is resting on the tractor, make sure:

完全正确！解释：当气压降到大约 **20–45 psi** 时，红色挂车供气旋钮会**弹出**，或从“normal”切到“emergency”。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: –45 psi, the trailer air supply control knob should pop out, or the valve control should go from the “normal” to the “emergency” position.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，红色的挂车供气控制旋钮应该跳到 ________ 位置。 / When you test the tractor protection valve, the red air supply control knob should go into the ________ position.

答对了！解释：熄火以便听得更清楚；反复施加并释放挂车制动，应能听到作动与泄气的声音。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Shut the engine off so you can hear the brakes. Apply and release trailer brakes and listen for sounds of trailer brakes being applied and released. You should hear the brakes move when applied and air escape when the brakes are released.

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向挂车供气后，要确认气管未交叉且挂车制动工作正常。正确做法是： / After you supply air to the trailer, make sure the airlines are not crossed and the trailer brakes are working. This is done by:

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