组合车辆测试 – 卡友助手

组合车辆测试

题库共有99题，每次随机刷新20题，正确率80%以上即为通过。

正确！解释：一个常用规则：**40 mph 以下**时，每 **10 英尺**车长应留 **1 秒**间隔；更高速度需**再加 1 秒**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

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良好路况下，你与前车至少应保持的时间间隔为：每 ______ 英尺车长留出一秒。 / Under good driving conditions, you should leave at least one second of space between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead for every ___ feet of your vehicle's length.

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完全正确！解释：若右转无法不占用他车道，应在**完成**转弯时外摆，并让车辆后部贴近路缘，防止他车从右侧超车。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: If you are driving a truck or bus that cannot make the right turn without swinging into another lane, turn wide as you complete the turn. Keep the rear of your vehicle close to the curb. This will stop other drivers from passing you on the right.

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在不进入其他车道的前提下，最安全的转弯方式是： / What is the safest way for you to make a turn without entering another traffic lane?

若必须压到对向车道且看见来车，就停下并倒车让行。 / If you must cross into the oncoming lane to make a turn and you see vehicles coming toward you, stop and back up for them.

应在**开始**转弯前外摆。 / You should turn wide before you start the turn.

应在**完成**转弯时外摆。 / You should turn wide as you complete the turn.

对！解释：若 1 分钟压降超过规范，说明漏气过大；不修复就上路，**可能失去制动**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If the air pressure falls more than the specified psi in one minute for combination vehicles, the air loss rate is too much. Check for air leaks and fix before driving the vehicle. Otherwise, you could lose your brakes while driving.

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如果不做最后的空气制动漏气检查并修复， / If you do not do the final air brake check for air leaks and fix them before driving,

行驶中可能失去制动。 / you could lose your brakes while driving.

油耗会升高。 / your fuel usage will increase.

轮胎气压会下降。 / tire pressure will drop.

正确！解释：反复踩放刹车踏板，让系统气压降至**约 20–45 psi**，这会使**弹簧制动**介入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: – 45 psi. This will cause the spring brakes to come on.

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测试牵引车保护阀时，先给挂车制动系统充气、熄火，然后 / To test the tractor protection valve, charge the trailer air brake system, turn off the engine, and

持续用力踩住刹车踏板。 / keep pressing the brake pedal firmly.

连续闪几次远光灯。 / flash your high-beam headlights on and off several times.

反复踩放刹车踏板数次。 / step on and off the brake pedal several times.

正确！解释：三挂的**后向放大**约为 3.5，也就是说，它最后一节挂车**比五轴牵引车**更容易翻车约 3.5 倍；双挂约 2。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Triples have a rearward amplification of 3.5. This means you can roll the last trailer of triples 3.5 times as easily as a five-axle tractor. While the rearward amplification of a double is around 2.

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哪种牵引车-挂车组合最容易发生“鞭甩效应”（crack‑the‑whip）导致翻车？ / Which type of truck-trailer combination has the greatest chance of a "crack-the-whip" rollover?

单一牵引车‑半挂 / A single tractor trailer

牵引车拉三挂 / A tractor pulling three trailers

牵引车拉两挂 / A tractor pulling two trailers

正确！解释：行车气路重大泄漏在你**踩刹车**之前不一定明显；一旦踩下，漏气会让气压迅速下降，若降得过低，挂车紧急制动会介入。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You may not notice a major leak in the service line until you try to put the brakes on. Then, the air loss from the leak will lower the air tank pressure quickly. If it goes low enough, the trailer emergency brakes will come on.

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行驶中若行车气路（service line）脱开而应急气路仍连接，会立即发生什么？ / If the service airline comes apart while you are driving a combination vehicle, but the emergency line stays together, what will happen right away?

在你踩刹车之前基本不会发生什么 / Nothing is likely to happen until you try to apply the brakes

挂车的气罐会从断开的管路排尽空气 / The trailer's air tank will exhaust through the open line

牵引车的紧急制动会立即介入 / The emergency tractor brakes will come on

正确！解释：应急管通常用**红色**（红色软管、红色接头等）标识，以免与**蓝色**的行车管混淆。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Emergency lines are often coded with red (red hose, red couplers, or other parts) to keep from getting them mixed up with the blue service line.

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组合车辆的气管常用颜色区分以避免接错：应急管是_____；行车管是_____。 / Air lines on a combination vehicle are often color coded to keep them from getting mixed up. The emergency line is _____; the service line is _____.

黑色，黄色 / Black, yellow

蓝色，红色 / Blue, red

红色，蓝色 / Red, blue

正确！解释：确认**安全卡扣扣在锁柄上方**。某些五轮的卡扣需要手动放置。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Check that the safety latch is in position over locking lever. On some fifth wheels the catch must be put in place by hand.

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要完成挂接，五轮锁柄的安全卡扣必须位于 / The safety catch for the fifth wheel locking lever must be _____ for a coupling to be complete.

锁柄**下方**。 / Under the locking lever

穿过锁柄。 / Through the locking lever

锁柄**上方**。 / Over the locking lever

答对了！解释：熄火以便听得更清楚；反复施加并释放挂车制动，应能听到作动与泄气的声音。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Shut the engine off so you can hear the brakes. Apply and release trailer brakes and listen for sounds of trailer brakes being applied and released. You should hear the brakes move when applied and air escape when the brakes are released.

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向挂车供气后，要确认气管未交叉且挂车制动工作正常。正确做法是： / After you supply air to the trailer, make sure the airlines are not crossed and the trailer brakes are working. This is done by:

抬起制动踏板。 / Lifting the brake pedal.

在驾驶室里打开驻车制动。 / Turning on the parking brakes from the cab.

施加并释放挂车制动，**听**刹车作动声音。 / Applying and releasing the trailer brakes and listening for brake sounds.

完全正确！解释：检查期间要先**固定车辆**：变速箱挂**空挡**，拉驻车制动，熄火并带走钥匙，防止他人移动。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Before inspection the trailer while coupling you need to secure the vehicle. Put transmission in neutral. Put parking brakes on. Shut off engine and take key with you so someone else won't move truck while you are under it.

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解挂并检查挂车支腿时，牵引车变速箱应挂在什么挡位？ / What gear should the tractor engine be in after you uncouple the trailer and are inspecting the trailer supports?

低速倒挡（Low reverse） / Low reverse

空挡（Neutral） / Neutral

高速倒挡（High reverse） / High reverse

答对了！解释：对接前检查五轮姿态：应当**朝向牵引车尾部下倾**。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Check if fifth wheel is in proper position for coupling: The fifth wheel should be tilted down toward rear of tractor.

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对接时，五轮（fifth wheel）的正确姿态是 / When coupling, the proper position of the fifth wheel is

向牵引车尾部方向下倾。 / tilted down toward the rear of the tractor.

向牵引车尾部方向上翘。 / tilted up toward the rear of the tractor.

与地面保持水平。 / level with the ground.

正确！解释：先略微升起挂车支腿离地；保持挂车制动锁定，挂低挡轻轻前拉以检查是否真正锁紧。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Raise trailer landing gear slightly off ground. Pull tractor gently forward while the trailer brakes are still locked to check that the trailer is locked onto the tractor.

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如何测试牵引车与挂车的连接是否牢靠？ / How should you test the tractor trailer connection for security?

挂挡后猛冲向前用力拽 / Put the tractor in gear and pull ahead with a sharp jerk

在锁住挂车制动的情况下前后晃动车辆 / Rock the trailer back and forth with the trailer brakes locked

挂低挡轻轻向前顶住已锁定的挂车制动，然后检查挂接情况 / Pull gently forward in low gear against the locked trailer brakes, then inspect the coupling

完全正确！解释：车辆的**重心高度**对操控很重要；重心越高，越容易翻车。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The height of the vehicle's center of gravity is very important for safe handling. A high center of gravity means you are more likely to tip over.

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通常而言，卡车的重心越高， / In general, the higher your truck's center of gravity, the

转弯时越稳定。 / more stable it is when turning.

越容易侧翻。 / easier it is to turn over.

越容易快速过弯。 / easier it is to turn around corners.

答对了！解释：无论 ABS 安装在牵引车、挂车，还是两者都有，**制动方法相同**；ABS 只是帮助防抱死。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Brake the same way, regardless of whether you have ABS on the tractor, the trailer, or both.

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防抱死制动系统（ABS）在以下哪种配置下有用？ / An antilock braking system (ABS) is useful

无论装在牵引车或挂车上都有效。 / whether it is on the tractor or the trailers.

只有同时装在牵引车和所有挂车上才有效。 / only if it is on the tractor and all trailers.

只装在牵引车上才有效。 / only if it is on the tractor.

正确！解释：确保气管和电缆**不缠绕、不被夹、不拖地**，并留有**足够转弯余量**。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Make sure air and electrical lines are not tangled, pinched, dragging against tractor parts, and have enough slack for turns.

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连接牵引车与挂车的气管和电缆应当： / Air and electrical lines from the tractor to the trailer should be

搁在牵引车车架上。 / resting on the frame of the tractor.

固定好但要留足转弯余量。 / secured but with enough slack for turns.

拉得很紧几乎没余量。 / pulled tight with very little slack.

答对了！解释：联邦法规规定：货物超出车尾 4 英尺以上，**白天**须在末端悬挂红旗（每面 18 英寸见方）；**夜间**须在末端装两盏红灯。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: According to federal regulations, if the load projects more than 4 feet behind the rear of the vehicle, the end of the load must be marked as follows: (1) with red flags, each 18 inches square, in the daytime; or (2) with two red lights at night.

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夜间，如果货物超出车尾 4 英尺（约 1.2 米）或以上，货物的最末端必须悬挂 _______ 。 / At night, when a vehicle is carrying a load that extends four feet or more beyond the rear of the body, there must be _______ at the extreme end of the load.

红色示宽灯 / red lights

红旗 / a red flag

红色小旗 / red flags

正确！解释：检查锁紧杆是否处于锁定位置；若不能锁定，则挂接尚未完成。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Check that the locking lever is in the lock position. If the locking lever does not go into the locked position the coupling is not complete.

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若五轮锁紧杆在钳口已抱住牵引销后仍未锁定，这意味着： / The fifth wheel locking lever is not locked after the jaws close around the kingpin; this means:

挂接不正确，必须修复后才能驾驶该车组 / The coupling is not right and should be fixed before driving the coupled unit

你可以把五轮调到更有利的载荷分配位置 / You can set the fifth wheel for weight balance

驻车锁未启用，你可以直接开走 / The parking lock is off, and you may drive away

没错！解释：让牵引车**正对**挂车。切勿斜着倒入，否则可能把挂车横推，压坏支腿。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Put the tractor directly in front of the trailer. Never back under the trailer at an angle because you might push the trailer sideways and break the landing gear.

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准备倒车进入半挂车底下时，你应该怎么对准？ / When you get ready to back under the semi-trailer you should line up:

让牵引销先进入驾驶员一侧的锁爪。 / So that the kingpin engages the driver's side locking jaw first.

与挂车中心线大约成 12° 的偏角对准。 / About 12 degrees off the line of the trailer.

正对挂车正前方。 / Directly in front of the trailer.

正确！解释：挂车车轮一旦抱死，挂车就会摆动，更容易在空载或轻载时发生。这类折叠称为“挂车折叠”；此时再施加挂车制动只会**延长打滑**并加剧折叠。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: When the wheels of a trailer lock up, the trailer will tend to swing around. This is more likely to happen when the trailer is empty or lightly loaded. This type of jackknife is often called a "trailer jackknife." Applying the trailer brakes would extend the skid and trailer jackknife.

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不要使用挂车手刹来拉直已折叠（jackknife）的挂车，因为： / You should not use the trailer hand brake to straighten out a jackknifing trailer, because

最初就是挂车车轮的制动导致了打滑 / the brakes on the trailer wheels caused the skid in the first place.

挂车车轮的制动不会响应手刹 / the brakes on the trailer wheels will not respond to the hand brake.

手柄太远不好够到 / the brake handle is too hard to reach.

正确！解释：关闭挂车供气以锁住挂车制动后，**轻轻向后顶住**牵引销以卸除五轮锁爪压力，同时拉驻车制动。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Shut off trailer air supply to lock trailer brakes. Ease pressure on fifth wheel locking jaws by backing up gently, applying the parking brake while tractor is pushing against the kingpin.

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你正要解挂。关闭挂车供气并锁住挂车制动后，接下来应当： / You are uncoupling a trailer. After you shut off the trailer air supply and lock the trailer brakes, you should

轻轻向后顶一下，以卸除五轮锁爪上的压力。 / back up gently to ease pressure on the fifth wheel locking jaws.

开始放下挂车前支腿。 / begin to lower the trailer landing gear.

立即拉牵引车驻车制动。 / immediately apply your tractor parking brakes.

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