通用知识测试

正确！解释：凸面镜虽能扩大视野，但会让行人和物体看起来更小、更远，无法准确反映真实大小和距离；仍然要注意镜外盲区。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Convex mirrors present a view of people and objects that does not accurately reflect their size and distance from the vehicle.

答对！说明：统计表明，饮酒驾驶者发生事故的概率远高于未饮酒者。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Accident statistics show that the chance of a crash is much greater for drivers who have been drinking than for drivers who have not.

正确！说明：需要降挡的情形包括：在开始下坡前先减速并降至无需重刹也能控速的挡位；在入弯前先降至安全车速并预先降到合适挡位。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Special conditions where you should downshift are: before starting down a hill slow down and shift down to a speed that you can control without using the brakes hard, and before entering a curve slow down to a safe speed and downshift to the right gear before entering the curve.

正确！解释：集装箱货物通常由铁路或轮船运输一段后再由卡车接驳；司机仍需检查并确保其已妥善固定。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Containerized loads generally are used when freight is carried part way by rail or ship. Delivery by truck occurs at the beginning and/or end of the journey.

正确！说明：最重要的是选择不过快的安全车速，要综合考虑：车辆与货物的总重、下坡的长度与坡度、路况以及天气。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Your most important consideration is to select a speed that is not too fast for the: total weight of the vehicle and cargo, length of the grade, steepness of the grade, road conditions, and weather.

完全正确！说明：一个好原则是：在低于 40 英里/小时的速度下，每 10 英尺车长至少预留 1 秒跟车时间；速度更高时需再额外加 1 秒。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: One good rule says you need at least one second for each 10 feet of vehicle length at speeds below 40 mph. At greater speeds, you must add 1 second for safety.

完全正确！说明：车辆检查的一部分是确认车辆不过载，且货物分布平衡并已正确固定。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: As part of your Vehicle inspection, make sure the truck is not overloaded and the cargo is balanced and secured properly.

正确！解释：胎压不足以及并装双胎互相接触，是轮胎起火的最常见原因。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Under-inflated tires and duals that touch are the most common causes of tire fires.

答对！解释：前轴负载不足会使转向轴负载过轻，转向稳定性不足，影响行车安全。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Under-loaded front axles can make the steering axle weight too light to steer safely.

完全正确！解释：测试驻车制动：系好安全带，拉起驻车制动，松开挂车驻车制动，挂入低挡，轻轻向前挪动以检验驻车制动是否牢靠。如车辆仍能移动，说明故障应立即检修。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: To test the parking brakes: Fasten safety belt, set parking brake, release trailer parking brake, Place vehicle into a low gear, gently pull forward against parking brake to make sure the parking brake holds. If it doesn't hold vehicle, it is faulty; get it fixed.

完全正确！说明：走到车头，检查近光灯已点亮、双闪正常工作；再检查远光、示宽灯、轮廓标志灯、侧标志灯和识别灯是否正常。打开右转向灯开始绕车检查，然后再检查左转向灯。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Go to front of vehicle and check that low beams are on and both of the four-way flashers are working, check that high beams, parking, clearance, side-marker, and identification lights work. Turn on right turn signal and start walk-around inspection, then check the left turn.

答对！说明：由加速引起的侧滑常见于冰雪路面。松开油门通常就能很快制止；若非常湿滑，可踩下离合器，否则发动机可能阻碍车轮自由滚动、难以恢复附着。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Skids caused by acceleration usually happen on ice or snow. Taking your foot off the accelerator can easily stop them. If it is very slippery, push the clutch in. Otherwise, the engine can keep the wheels from rolling freely and regaining traction.

完全正确！解释：事故处理要点包括：**保护现场**、**通知有关部门**，并**救护伤者**、收集必要信息。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: When you're in an accident and not seriously hurt, you need to act to prevent further damage or injury. The basic steps to be taken at any accident are to: protect the area, notify authorities, and care for the injured.

没错！说明：第一步是把车驶离道路并停下：停在开阔区域，远离建筑物、树木、灌木、其他车辆或任何可能被引燃的物体。不要开进加油/维修站！ / Right! EXPLANATION: The first step is to get the vehicle off the road and stop. In doing so: park in an open area, away from buildings, trees, brush, other vehicles, or anything that might catch fire. Don't pull into a service station!

正确！解释：车辆一旦开始打滑，关键是**恢复车轮与地面的附着力**；必要时用点放/控制制动与反向转向配合，先找回抓地力。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: When any vehicle starts to skid, you must act to restore traction to the wheels.

完全正确！解释：轮胎负载是指在指定气压下轮胎可承受的最大安全重量，通常标注在胎侧。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The tire load is the maximum safe weight a tire can carry at a specified pressure. This rating is stated on the side of each tire.

完全正确！解释：转向齿轮箱属于转向系统；其余选项属于悬挂系统。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: The gear box is part of the steering system, and other choices are parts of the suspension system.

正确！说明：尽量避免驶过深水或流动积水；若不得不通过，应减速、挂低挡，并轻踩刹车。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Avoid driving through deep puddles or flowing water if possible. If not, you should: slow down and place transmission in a low gear, and gently put on the brakes.

正确！说明：若路肩安全，应继续在路肩上行驶直至完全停稳；回到车道前要打转向并观察后视镜。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: If the shoulder is clear, stay on it until your vehicle has come to a stop. Signal and check your mirrors before pulling back onto the road.

完全正确！说明：确保已拉驻车制动，关闭发动机并随身带走钥匙；打开前照灯（近光）与双闪警示灯，然后下车检查。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Make sure the parking brake is set, turn off the engine, and take the key with you. Turn on headlights (low beams) and four-way emergency flashers and get out of the vehicle.

没错！说明：若对向车辆漂入你的车道，向右避让通常是最佳选择；一旦对方反应过来，通常会回到自己的车道。 / Right! EXPLANATION: If an oncoming driver has drifted into your lane, a move to your right is best. If that driver realizes what has happened, the natural response will be to return to his or her own lane.

完全正确！解释：应核对运输单据、识别编号、**标签**和车辆的警示牌（）；查看容器标签即可识别是否为危险品。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Emergency personnel look for these things on the shipping paper. That is why it is vital that the proper shipping name, identification number, label, and placards are correct.

正确！解释：先松开制动恢复车轮滚动附着，再适量反打方向修正行车方向，避免过度修正。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Do the following to correct a drive-wheel braking skid: stop braking letting the rear wheels roll again and keep the rear wheels from sliding; counter-steer as a vehicle turns back on course, it tends to keep on turning. Unless you turn the steering wheel quickly the other way, you may find yourself skidding in the opposite direction.

答对！说明：轮胎问题包括：气压过高或过低、严重磨损；前轮胎纹少于 4/32 英寸，其他轮胎少于 2/32 英寸；割裂或其他损伤；胎面分层；双胎互相接触或与车体部件相擦；尺寸不匹配；子午线与斜交轮胎混用等。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Tire Problems: too much or too little air pressure, bad wear. Less than 4/32-inch tread depth on front tires, less than 2/32 inch on other tires, cuts or other damage, tread separation, dual tires that come in contact with each other or parts of the vehicle, mismatched sizes, and radial and bias-ply tires used together.

正确！解释：致命事故的一个主要原因是“在路况条件下车速过快”；必须根据附着力、弯道、能见度、车流与坡度等因素调整车速。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Driving too fast is a major cause of fatal crashes. You must adjust your speed depending on driving conditions. These include traction, curves, visibility, traffic and hills.

答对！解释：入弯前先降挡并减速，过弯中可略微加速；不要在弯中降挡。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Slow down to a safe speed, and downshift to the right gear before entering the curve. This lets you use some power through the curve to help the vehicle be more stable while turning. It also allows you to speed up as soon as you are out of the curve.

没错！说明：出车前检查发生在出发前；途中检查发生在你行车期间的每次休息时；收车后检查发生在行程结束之后。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Pre-trip occurs before you leave for your trip, En-route occurs during any break you take while driving, and post-trip occurs when your route is finished.

答对！解释：倒车**始终存在危险**；如需倒车，尽量向**驾驶员一侧**倒车并尽可能使用引导员。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Because you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, backing is always dangerous. Avoid backing whenever you can. When you have to back, here are a few simple safety rules: start in the proper position, look at your path, use mirrors on both sides, back slowly, back and turn toward the driver's side if possible, use a helper whenever possible.

正确！说明：约 3/4 秒至 1 秒。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: ¾ second to 1 second.

正确！说明：只转到刚好避开障碍所需的幅度；转向越猛，越容易打滑或翻车。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Do not turn any more than needed to clear whatever is in your way. The more sharply you turn, the greater the chances of a skid or rollover.

完全正确！说明：酒精会损害肌肉协调、反应时间、距离感与夜视能力，还会影响大脑中负责判断与自我抑制的区域。这些影响会显著提高事故风险，并可能导致吊销驾照。统计显示，饮酒驾驶者的事故概率远高于未饮酒者。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Alcohol impairs muscle coordination, reaction time, depth perception, and night vision. It also affects the parts of the brain that control judgment and inhibition. These effects mean increased chances of a crash and chances of losing your driver's license. Accident statistics show that the chance of a crash is much greater for drivers who have been drinking than for drivers who have not.

完全正确！解释：有些车辆天生较慢，其中一些会在车尾张贴“慢速行驶车辆”标志（红色三角形、橙色中心）以提醒你。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Some vehicles, by their nature, are slow and some of these will have the "slow moving vehicle" symbol to warn you. This is a red triangle with an orange center.

答对！说明：按常规进行车辆检查，但要特别关注以下项目：轮胎、发动机机油、冷却液、皮带和软管。高速行驶会给轮胎和发动机带来更多热量；在沙漠等环境，热量累积可能达到危险程度。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Do a normal Vehicle inspection but pay special attention to the following items: tires, engine oil, engine coolant, engine belts, and hoses. High speeds create more heat for tires and the engine. In desert conditions the heat may build up to the point where it is dangerous.

完全正确！解释：当轮胎失去抓地力时就会发生打滑。多数严重打滑源于在道路状况下车速过快。根据路况调整驾驶的司机不会过度加速，也不必因车速过高而过度制动或过度转向。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: A skid happens whenever the tires lose their grip on the road. Most serious skids result from driving too fast for road conditions. Drivers who adjust their driving to conditions don't overaccelerate and don't have to over-brake or oversteer from too much speed.

正确！解释：必须查看上一位驾驶员的检查报告；只有当缺陷已修复或被判定不影响安全时，才能签署确认。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You must review the inspection report made by the previous driver. Only if defects reported earlier have been certified as repaired or not needed to be repaired, should you sign the previous driver's report.

完全正确！解释：超长、超宽和/或超重货物需要**特殊通行许可**，并且通常还需配备“超宽载荷”等标志、**警示闪光灯**、旗帜等。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Over-length, over-width, and/or overweight loads require special transit permits. Driving is usually limited to certain times. Special equipment may be necessary such as "wide load" signs, flashing lights, flags, etc.

正确！说明：观察危险是为了为突发情况争取规划脱险方案的时间。看到危险时，要及时思考可能演变的紧急情形，并预先想好你的应对。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: You look for the hazards in order to have time to plan a way out of any emergency. When you see a hazard, think about the emergencies that could develop and figure out what you would do.

正确！解释：注意留心以下迹象：车辆偏离车道线或在车道内忽左忽右、车速忽快忽慢；驾驶员分心看地图、吃东西、打电话等；或与乘客交谈。 / Correct! EXPLANATION: Watch for: vehicles that may drift over the lane divider lines or within their own lane; vehicles traveling at inconsistent speeds; drivers who are preoccupied with maps, food, cigarettes, cell phones, or other objects; drivers who appear to be involved in conversations with their passengers.

答对！解释：悬挂肉类与干散装货物属于不稳定载荷、重心高，尤其在匝道等急弯处必须低速谨慎。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Hanging meat and dry bulk can be a very unstable load with a high center of gravity. Particular caution is needed on sharp curves such as off ramps and on ramps. Go slowly.

答对！解释：双手稳握方向盘相对两侧，以便车辆被侧风、路面或机械故障影响时，方向盘不至于被“抢走”。 / Bingo! EXPLANATION: Hold the steering wheel firmly with both hands. Your hands should be on opposite sides of the wheel. If you hit a curb or a pothole, the wheel could pull away from your hands unless you have a firm hold.

没错！说明：为确保货物牢靠，途中应按需频繁复查货物与固定装置；必须复查的时机包括：行驶 3 小时或 150 英里后，以及每次中途休息之后。 / Right! EXPLANATION: Re-check the cargo and securing devices as often as necessary during a trip to keep the load secure. You need to inspect again: after you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles, and after every break you take during driving.

完全正确！解释：空车因抓地力更小，往往需要更长的制动距离，因此制动效果并非最好。 / Exactly! EXPLANATION: Empty trucks require greater stopping distances because an empty vehicle has less traction.